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Chapter 13
Nonopioid Analgesics:
Salicylates and
Nonsalicylates
Chapter 13
Nonopioid Analgesics:
Salicylates and
Nonsalicylates
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Pain
Pain
Pain is the unpleasant sensory and emotional
perception associated with actual or potential tissue
damage
The sensation of pain is sent from the peripheral
tissue to the brain where it is interpreted.
Pain
medications change the sensation in the tissues or
modulate the signal in the brain
Acute pain has a short duration of less than 3 to 6
months, whereas chronic pain lasts more than 6
months
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Salicylates
Salicylates
Drugs derived from salicylic acid
o
Useful in pain management due
to analgesic,
antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects
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Salicylates: Actions and Uses
Salicylates: Actions and Uses
Lower body temperature
Inhibit production of prostaglandins
Aspirin: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has
greater anti-inflammatory effects
Prolongs bleeding time
Used for mild to moderate pain; reducing elevated
body temperature; treating inflammatory conditions;
decreasing risk of myocardial infarction; reducing
risk of transient ischemic attacks
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Salicylates: Adverse Reactions
Salicylates: Adverse Reactions
Gastrointestinal (GI) reactions:
o
Gastric upset; heartburn; nausea; vomiting;
anorexia;
GI bleeding
; allergy
o
Significant blood loss
o
Allergy to salicylates manifested by:
Hives, rash, angioedema, bronchospasm,
anaphylactoid reactions
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Salicylates: Contraindications and
Precautions
Salicylates: Contraindications and
Precautions
Contraindicated in clients with:
o
Known hypersensitivity; bleeding disorders;
children or teenagers with chickenpox or
influenza.
Reye’s disease
Used cautiously in clients:
o
With hepatic and/or renal disease; during
pregnancy and lactation; with pre-existing
hypoprothrombinemia; with
vitamin K deficiency
;
with GI irritation or peptic ulcer; with mild
diabetes or gout
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Salicylates: Interactions
Salicylates: Interactions
Interactant drug
Effect of interaction
Anticoagulant
Increased risk for bleeding
NSAIDs
Increased serum levels of
the NSAID
Activated charcoal
Decreased absorption of
the salicylates
Antacids
Decreased effects of the
salicylates
Carbonic anhydrase
inhibitors
Increased risk for
salicylism
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Nonsalicylates: Actions and Uses
Nonsalicylates: Actions and Uses
Actions:
o
Analgesic and antipyretic activity: same as
salicylates
o
No anti-inflammatory action
Uses:
o
Used to treat mild to moderate pain; reduce
elevated body temperature; manage pain and
discomfort—arthritic disorders
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ASPIRIN PRODUCTS:
ASPIRIN PRODUCTS:
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Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved
