Stereotypes
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Characteristics:
o
Not always negative, based on generalizations (not always accurate), Can lead to poor decisions/discrimination
Perceptual Errors
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Halo
- rater forms an overall impression about an object and then uses that impression to bias ratings about the object
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Leniency
- personal characteristic that leads an individual to consistently evaluate other people or objects in an extremely positive
fashion
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Central tendency
- avoid all extreme judgments and rate people and objects as average/neutral
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Recency effects
- remember recent information
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Contrast effects
- by comparing them with characteristics of recently observed people/objects
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy & Putting It to Work
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Pygamilion Effect comes from the Greek myth where a sculptor, Pygmalion, hated women yet fell in love with an ivory statue he carved
of a beautiful woman. He prayed to the goddess Aphrodite to bring her to life and she did. The management field has adapted this idea
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- Galatea Effect, Golem effect, low leader expectations, High supervisory expectancy, Leniency personal characteristic
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