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Unformatted text preview: Homo erectus behavior 0 What behavioral changes are found in
Homo erectus? 0 What is the adaptive pattern? 0 What sorts of tools are found with Homo erectus? archaic Homo Archaic Homo 0 What are "archaic Homo sapiens"? 0 Why do we call them archaic? 0 What features do they show? 0 How are they distinguished from Homo erectus? 0 What"species" are archaic Homo sometimes divided into? More on archaics.... 0 What does it mean to say that they are mosaic? 0 Where do they fit in the evolution from H. habilis to
modern H. sapiens? More on archaics 0 What other species names are they known by? 0 Why would they be put into other species? Evolutionary Models
Neandertal facts
0 Models of human evolution from Homo habilis to Homo sapiens can usually be divided into two paradigms - 0 Special case of Archaic Homo
what are these? 0 First discovered l830
O In each model. where do the various “species” of archaic Homo fall? 0 Europe and the Near and Middle East 0 What are the differences between the paradigms? . Date between lso'ooo and 27.000 years ago . w . . ?
hat IS the role of gene flow In these models . Hundreds of individuals known 0 How much gene flow is necessary to keep
two populations from speciating? 0 Show robust. cold-adapted anatomy 0 What are anagenesis and cladogenesis? Bu<kgrovnd: Numdcrtnl R¢<onstrv<tions Modern reconstructions Iflmi.+~l\ ‘..,. "um
(on-H Neandertal features 0 Mean cranial capacity of I400 cc - up to I600
0 Large projecting midfaces O Retromolar gap 0 Supraorbitnl toms. double arched O Receding frontal bone 0 Occipital bun /«‘ " gr,
Sfimn‘mllm
Orcwflfltm ‘/. v” .1 Sr... bow-‘2‘ no-
noun-w Neanderthal and
modern human skeletons Neandertal features Barrel shaped chest. stockier than modern humans
Short limbs, short stature
Heavy musculature Very high traumatic fracture rate La Ferrassie
60.000 ya Neandertal vs. other archaic Neandertal vs. other archaic Neandertal vs. other archaic Neanderthal Krapina
I30 kya La Ferrassie
60.000 ya Saccopastore
|20.000 ya La Chapelle aux Saints
50.000 Gibraltar 30kya? Monte Circeo > ‘ - \ 1"
. are ‘ £5394 ' Nn'.|l|\ll'llh.x| r (‘n' .‘xhynw: Amud Shanidar Kebara 60kya TeshikTash Who were the Neandertals? 0 Their own species or something different?
0 A regional subpopulation adapted to the cold? 0 Homo neanderthalensis or Homo sapiens
neandenhalensis? 0 Just another form of archaic? Wood Shelter, 300,000 years ago
Terra Amata. France Archaic behavior All the archaics no matter what you call them show
similarities in their behavior Shelter building
New stone tool making techniques Organized hunting behavior - spears - big game
hunting Burial '% J uh. < Z 'i‘ HHL‘UE Acheulean handaxes \ 1H ‘1 \’
I ' ' ‘,
r A. -‘ 4. x - ‘
1 ‘ . r
.1 w
.5; ; . ,:'e we lug-a ‘
‘5":¢"' ‘ v. .. .r-e‘uzu. no" we can: 0 mm "w New: . um um
"_ ‘Vrll-IY': 7 . \I‘Jh 4! Ir .lJnJIb,’l.flchl-.W
mo nu ma: 194ml] cm nae-‘11 mac aw. Nu m m; I , n) nmgmmn. Levallois Technique Lr : _-1L'1'nJ'\.l).-'H'w~,IE’H'V :n we) r'r. . .[zzmlut‘d Lm A mun. nu
ma urn c-ma:
“menu-V" ,ux r? 1., 51’!)
\ /‘ r bl || | MI I’l Mousterian tools
a,c: scrapers. b,d:points. e: hand axe Kebara Neanderthal Child burial from Syria Cultural features 0 Take care of injured and elderly
0 Buried their dead 0 Evidence of personal adornment
0 Evidence of community living 0 Language gene - FOXP2 0 Show mix of
modern and archaic
features 0 Show mix of modern and archaic
behaviors 0 More modern
behaviors than some
of the “anatomically
modern" Homo
sapiens Modern features
high, rounded cranium (greatest b'eacrh high on the
panetals) less suprastructure
development tall. nearly vertical
frontal bone face larger under the
cranium “Modern” Humans 0 Start to appear around |60.000 years ago in Africa
0 What makes them modern? 0 Mostly more gracile than the archaics O No miraculous moment when it first appears Modern features mean cc I350 (range
l000-2000) small teeth CHIN early ones show more
primitive technologies.
later share technologies with
Neandertals .. , J
\n-n: . \
0,. v Modern ...
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- Human Evolution, Homo Sapiens, Neanderthal, archaic homo, archaic Homo fall
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