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Advanced Jawed
Fishes: Part 1
Teleostomes:
Acanthodii &
Lecture 7: Chap 11, DOF
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SlingJAW WRASSE
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Carbonif
erous
Camels often sit down carefully, perhaps their joints
creak
rec
ent
Persistent early oiling might
prevent
perennial rust
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mnemonic devices
PERIODS (PALEOZOIC,
MESOZOIC)
Cambrian
540 to 505 mya
Ordovician
505 to 438 mya
Silurian
438 to 408 mya
Devonian
408 to 360 mya
Carboniferous
360 to 280
mya
Permian
280 to 248 mya
Triassic
248 to 208 mya
Jurassic
208 to 146 mya
Cretaceous
146 to 65 mya
EPOCHS (CENOZOIC)
Paleocene
65-54 mya
Eocene
54-38 mya
Oligocene
38-24 mya
Miocene
24-5 mya
Pliocene
5-1.8 mya
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Advanced Jawed Fished 1:
Bonyfishes - Teleostomes
Bony fishes first appear in the fossil record in
the Late Ordovician
Teleostomes composed of three classes
Acanthodians
Sarcopterygians
Actinopterygians
}
Euteleostomi
(Osteichthyes)
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BONY FISH:
98% OF ALL
LIVING
VERTEBRATES
ARE MEMBERS OF
TELEOSTOMI
(MANY NOT IN THE
WATER) AND ALL
VERTEBRATES
EXCEPT
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Class Acanthodii†
Class Acanthodii†
“Spiny sharks”, but not sharks
Small salt and freshwater fishes (<20cm to 2.5m)
Large eyes
Flexible bodies covered with bony, rhombic scales
Heavy spines in front of the fins.
An opercular series covering the gills
3 orders, 9 families, 60 genera known
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Outlasted Ostracoderms by 100
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Trends in Acanthodii
Early forms had multiple gill covers, broad
unembedded spines anterior to all fins except
the caudal and between the pectoral and
pelvic fins
Advanced forms with a single gill cover,
ancillary paired spines are lost, other spines
became smaller and embedded in
musculature
Some specialized forms were toothless with
long gill rakers (likely planktivorous)
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Why are Acanthodii
considered advanced
Have synapomorphies only seen in other
advanced gnathostomes including:
Three semicircular canals
Otoliths
Neural and haemal arches with the unrestricted
vertebral column
Lateral line canals
Ossified operculum
Branchiostegals
