Psych 1 - Fair Game Midterm - 18:32:00 Introductory Lecture Types of psychology Physiological Psychology Psychophysics(Sensation and Perception

07/05/2007 19:32:00 ← Introductory Lecture ← Types of psychology • Physiological Psychology • Psychophysics (Sensation and Perception) • Quantitative (Math) Psychology • Animal Experimental Psychology • Human Experimental Psychology • Developmental Psychology • Personality Psychology • Social Psychology • Industrial Psychology • Consumer Psychology • Neuropsychology • Clinical Psychology • Counseling Psychology • Educational and School Psychology ← Brain-in-the-vat problem • Is she conscious? ← ← History and Research Methods

This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version.

View Full Document

← Major philosophical quandaries: ← - mind-body dualism / monism • is brain also the mind • dualism - the view that the mind is separate from the brain - but controls the brain and the body • monism - conscious experience is inseperable fr/ the brain ← ← - free will vs. determinism ← • Free will the doctrine that behavior is caused by a person's independent decisions, not by external determinants • Determinism the assumption that all behavior has a cause, or determinant, in the observable world ← - nature vs. nurture • the question of the relative roles played by heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) in determining differences in behavior ← Deductive vs. inductive methods • Specific to general vs. general to specific ← Qualities of the scientific method ← - falsifiability of hypotheses - can be disproven ← - replicability of findings - re do experimant ← - parsimonious explanation - be openminded - ex) miss cleo ← - devaluation of anecdotal evidence - write down ← Naturalistic observations (definition) • a careful examination of what many people or nonhuman animals do under natural conditions

← Case histories (definition) ← Correlational studies ← Correlation vs. causation • a thorough description of a single individual, including information on both past experiences and current behavior ← Correlation coefficient • a mathematical estimate of the relationship between two variables, ranging from +1 (perfect positive relationship) to 0 (no linear relationship) to –1 (perfect negative relationship) ← Correlational study • a procedure in which investigators measure the correlation between two variables without controlling either of them ← Experiment (definition) • a study in which the investigator manipulates at least one variable while measuring at least one other variable ← Experimental and control conditions ← Dependent, independent variables ← Purpose of descriptive vs. inferential statistics • Descriptive statistics mathematical summaries of results such as measures of the average and the amount of variation • Inferential statistics statements about large populations based on inferences from small samples ← ←