midterm - 54 divisions of the APA Founded in 1892 Society...

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54 divisions of the APA. Founded in 1892
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Society for I/O psychology is division 14
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American Psychological Society (APS)
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I/O psychology: “Application or extension of psychological facts and principles to the
problems concerning human beings operating within the context of business and in-
dustry”
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History
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Early years (1900-1916): founding figures + Bryan
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Four founding figures of I/O: Walter Dill Scott, Frederick W. Taylor (scientific
management; how you can be most efficient), Lillian Mohler Gilbreth, Hugo
Münsterberg
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WWI (1917-1918): Yerkes, Army Alpha, Army Beta, JAP
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Between the wars (1919-1940): Psychological Corp., Cattell, Hawthorne stud-
ies (Mayo), Hawthorne effect
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Cattell developed first mental test
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Hawthorne studies: wondered what kind of changes would affect output-
specifically wanted to know what effect fatigue and monotony had on job
productivity and how to control them through variables like breaks, work
hours, and temp and humidity. Through this he stumbled on the hawthorne
effect
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Workers were interviewed in attempt to validate the Hawthorne Studies. The
participants were asked about supervisory practices and employee morale.
The results proved that upward communication in an organization creates a
positive attitude in the work environment. The workers feel pleased that their
ideas are being heard
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Hawthorne effect: subjects improve or modify an aspect of their behavior
being experimentally measured simply in response to the fact that they are
being studied
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WWII (1941-1945): AGCT, situational stress tests, selecting and training pilots
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Toward specialization (1946-1963): I/O college programs, engineering psych,
Mayo, human relations and movement
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Government intervention (1964-1993): Title VII- Civil Rights Act, ADA, CRA of
1991, FMLA, Project A, ASVAB
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The information age (1994-present): impact of change, e-business, chief in-
formation officer, I/O psychology and 9/11
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Two sides of I/O psych
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Academic
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Professional
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Four main work areas of I/O psych
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Academia
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Consulting
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Business
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Government
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Industrial side of I/O

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Recruitment
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Selection
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Classification
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Compensation
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Performance appraisal
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Training
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Organizational side of I/O
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Socialization
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Motivation
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Occupational stress
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Leadership
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Group performance
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Organizational development
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Fields of I/O psych
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Selection and placement: picking the right candidate for the right position
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Training and development
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Performance appraisal
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Organizational development: making the organization more efficient and effect-
ive
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Quality of work life: work life balance, life outside of work
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Ergonomics: equipment that the workers use, the physical environment
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Mandate of I/O psychology: to increase the fit between workforce and workplace
during rapid change and help the workforce balance work and family issues
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The scientist-practitioner model: which came first- science or practice? Interactive re-
lationship
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