Kondratiev Cycles
-
Tendency for major innovations to cluster together in distinct cycles or waves
-
Named after Soviet economist
-
Cycles last (approx.) 50 -60 years; each one associated with distinct technologies
-
5 cycles distinguished since late 18
th
century (note: each cycle consists of 2 distinct
phases-one growth, the other stagnation);
o
Early Mechanization – late 18
th
century
o
Steam power/railway – mid 19
th
century
o
Electrical/heave engineering- early 20
th
century
o
Fordist mass engineering- early 20
th
century
o
Information/communication – early 21
st
century
Summary
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Economic geography: “The study of how people earn their living, how livelihood systems
vary by area, and how economic activities are spatially interrelated and linked”
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Categories of economic systems: primary-secondary-tertiary-quaternary
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Types of economic systems: subsistence-commercial-planned
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Geographic expressions of economic activity: heartland-hinterland (core-periphery)
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Economic development is “highly uneven” – what does this mean? Why is economic
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- Spring '08
- CHILDS
- Economics, early 20th century, late 18th century, agricultural production, Von Thünen
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