Chapter 6
Noncrystalline and Semicrystalline
Materials
• Introduction
•
Glass Transition Temperature
•
Viscous Deformation
•
Structure and Properties of Amorphous Oxide
Glasses
•
Structure and Properties of Amorphous and
Semi-crystalline Polymers
•
Structure and Properties of Rubbers and
Elastomers
•
Metallic Glasses
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Some Glass Forming Systems
•
Elements
S, Se, P
•
Oxides
SiO
2
, B
2
O
3
, P
2
O
5
, GeO
2
, AsO
2
•
Halides
BF
2
, AlF
3
, ZnCl
2
, Ag(Cl,Br,I),Pb(Cl
2
,Br
2
,I
2
)
•
Sulfides
As
2
S
3
, Sb
2
S
3
•
Selenides
Various compounds of Tl, Sn, Pb, As, Sb,
Bi, Si, and P
•
Tellurides
Various compounds of Tl, Sn, Pb, As, Sb,
Bi and Ge
•
Nitrides
KNO
3
-Ca(NO
3
)
2
and many mixtures
containing alkali and alkaline earth nitrates
•
Sulfates
KHSO
4
and many other binary and ternary
mixtures
•
Carbonates
K
2
CO
3
-MgCO
3
•
Polymers
Polystyrene, PMMA, polycarbonate, PET
•
Metallic Alloys
Au
4
Si, Pd
4
Si, (Fe-Si-B) alloys, Al-transition
metal rare earths
Specific Volume for a Variety of Materials
Liquid to glass solid
transformation in a pure
substance.
The glass transition
temperature, Tg, is not an
equilibrium transformation
temperature.
Liquid to crystalline solid
transformation for a pure
substance.
T
m
is an equilibrium
transformation temperature
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The Effect of Cooling Rate on the Glass
Transition Temperature, T
g
Specific Volume
T
g1
T
g2
T
m
Temperature
T
1
.
T
2
.
T
1
.
T
2
.
Liquid
Liquid
Solid
Glass
(Glassy behavior)
Super
Super
-
cooled liquid
cooled liquid
(Rubbery behavior)
(Rubbery behavior)
>