19.PI.Biodegradation.11 - Biodegradation Reactions Phase I Introduction to Biodegradation Reactions Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Examples of

Biodegradation Reactions – Phase I  Introduction to Biodegradation Reactions  Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases  Examples of P450-Catalyzed Reactions  Hydrolases  Summary and Conclusions

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I. Introduction to Biodegradation Reactions  Oxidation – loss of electrons or gain of oxygen bonds  Reduction – gain of electrons or loss of oxygen bonds  Hydrolysis – reaction with water (a nucleophile)

Role of Biodegradation in Homeostasis  Homeostasis – an organism’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions when the outside world is continuously changing  Hepatic biodegradation – maintains homeostasis during exposure to small foreign molecules (pesticides, drugs, etc.)  Immune system – maintains homeostasis during exposure to large foreign molecules (proteins, etc.) or small organisms (bacteria, viruses)

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General Strategy and Benefits  Reactions often directly detoxify a chemical  Reactions usually increase water solubility of a chemical  *picture is the hepatic cell (liver cell)