Unformatted text preview: Costs Costs
Profit to me is a cost to you OBJECTIVES
You should be able to: You should be able to: 1. EXPLAIN the difference between categories of economic costs.
1. 2. 2. 3. 4. Distinguish between Quasi & Pure Rents. Name factors that determine costs. Plot IM Flash Cost Curves on Excel. Contractual NonContractual Economic vs. Financial Economic vs. Financial Forecasting Cost Curves show EXPECTED costs at all Cost possible levels of output Demand Curves show EXPECTED Demand quantity sold at all possible prices quantity Accounting forecasts show EXPECTED Accounting demand given one level of output or one price level price Categories of Economic Costs Categories Contractual Costs Noncontractual Costs Known prior to the activity Unavoidable (fixed) Avoidable (variable) Unknown prior to the activity “Rents” or “Profits” Categories of Economic Costs Categories
Revenue
COGS (Avoidable Contractual Costs) =Gross Profit (Gross Contribution Margin, Quasi Rent) SGA (Unavoidable Contractual Costs) Depreciation = Operating Income Taxes (Unavoidable Contractual Costs, but…) Int. Expense =Net Income (Contribution Margin) Dividends Retained Earnings (Quasi Rents/Noncontractual Costs) Total, Marginal, & Average Costs Total, Cost Relationships Cost Relationships Economic Costs (EC) = Accounting Costs (AC) + Expected Rents (ER) = Total Fixed Costs (TFC) + Total Variable Costs (TVC) Accounting Costs (AC) Profit Maximization Profit A firm should increase output as long as marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost A firm should not increase output if marginal cost exceeds marginal revenue At the profitmaximizing level of output, MR=MC Cost Theory: Volume vs. Rate Cost Theory: Volume vs. Rate
C/unit cost Volume effect > Rate effect Rate effect > Volume effect Q /unit time q min. Generic vs. Specific Assets
C/unit cost AVC (A) specialized equipment Cost Theory: Cost Theory: AVC (B) generic equipment q min A & B. Q /unit time Generic vs. Specific Assets
C/unit cost AVC Cost Theory: Cost Theory: AVC actual AVC min. Q /unit time q actual q min. AVC (q) = AVC min +(q q min)2 * 1/scale factor ...
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- Spring '08
- Crawford,R
- Economics, TFC, costs costs, Unavoidable Contractual Costs, Economic Costs Categories
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