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Unformatted text preview: SAP PRESS is a joint initiative of SAP and Galileo Press. The know-how offered by SAP specialists combined with the expertise of the Galileo Press publishing house offers the reader expert books in the field. SAP PRESS features first-hand information and expert advice, and provides useful skills for professional decision-making. SAP PRESS offers a variety of books on technical and business-related topics for the SAP user. For further information, please visit our website: . Merz, Hügens, Blum SAP BW on SAP HANA 2015, approx. 450 pp., hardcover ISBN 978-1-4932-1003-9 Schneider, Westenberger, Gahm ABAP Development for SAP HANA 2014, 609 pp., hardcover ISBN 978-1-59229-859-4 James Hanck et al. SAP Data Services: The Comprehensive Guide 2015, approx. 625 pp., hardcover ISBN 978-1-4932-1167-8 Christian Ah-Soon, Peter Snowdon Getting Started with SAP Lumira 2015, 540 pp., hardcover ISBN 978-1-4932-1033-6 Jonathan Haun, Chris Hickman, Don Loden, Roy Wells Implementing SAP HANA ® Bonn 폷 Boston Dear Reader, Normally, I like to give authors a break between their first and second editions: two years, three years, maybe even four. But for this book, like for all things SAP HANA, speed was the name of the game. Thanks to new releases of SAP BusinessObjects BI, SAP Data Services, and—of course—SAP HANA itself, these authors didn’t get much breathing room from this editor. Fortunately, they handled it the same way it seems they handle all things: with aplomb. So, dear reader, I’m pleased to present you with the second edition of this bestselling book, updated and improved based on both technology changes and the feedback of readers like you. I trust you’ll find it chock-full of exactly the information you’re looking for. Whether you’re new to this edition or are coming back for seconds, we hope you’ll share your opinion with us. What did you think about Implementing SAP HANA? As your comments and suggestions are the most useful tools to help us make our books the best they can be, we encourage you to visit our website at and share your feedback. Thank you for purchasing a book from SAP PRESS! Kelly Grace Weaver Editor, SAP PRESS Galileo Press Boston, MA [email protected] Notes on Usage This e-book is protected by copyright. By purchasing this e-book, you have agreed to accept and adhere to the copyrights. You are entitled to use this e-book for personal purposes. You may print and copy it, too, but also only for personal use. Sharing an electronic or printed copy with others, however, is not permitted, neither as a whole nor in parts. Of course, making them available on the Internet or in a company network is illegal as well. For detailed and legally binding usage conditions, please refer to the section Legal Notes. This e-book copy contains a digital watermark, a signature that indicates which person may use this copy: Imprint This e-book is a publication many contributed to, specifically: Editor Kelly Grace Weaver Copyeditor Miranda Martin Cover Design Graham Geary Photo Credit Shutterstock.com/72997021/© Shkanov Alexey Layout Design Vera Brauner Production E-Book Kelly O’Callaghan Typesetting E-book III-satz, Husby (Germany) Printed and bound in the United States of America, on paper from sustainable sources We hope that you liked this e-book. Please share your feedback with us and read the Service Pages to find out how to contact us. The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: Loden, Don. Implementing SAP HANA / Jonathan Haun, Chris Hickman, Don Loden, Roy Wells. -- 2nd edition. pages cm Includes index. Revision of: Implementing SAP HANA / Don Loden, Jonathan Haun, Chris Hickman, and Roy Wells. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4932-1176-0 (print : alk. paper) -- ISBN 1-4932-1176-5 (print : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-4932-1177-7 (ebook) -- ISBN 978-1-4932-1178-4 (print and ebook : alk. paper) 1. Data base management. 2. Business enterprises--Data processing. 3. SAP HANA (Electronic resource) I. Haun, Jonathan. II. Hickman, Chris. III. Wells, Roy. IV. Title. QA76.9.D3L638 2014 005.74--dc23 2014039989 ISBN 978-1-4932-1176-0 (print) ISBN 987-1-4932-1177-7 (e-book) ISBN 987-1-4932-1178-4 (print and e-book) © 2015 by Galileo Press Inc., Boston (MA) 2nd edition 2015 Contents Acknowledgments ............................................................................................ Preface ............................................................................................................. 17 19 PART I Introduction 1 SAP HANA, SAP BusinessObjects BI, and SAP Data Services .............................................................. 27 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2 What Is SAP HANA? ...................................................................... 1.1.1 Software Layers and Features ........................................... 1.1.2 Hardware Layers and Features .......................................... Business Intelligence Solutions with SAP HANA ............................. 1.2.1 SAP BW on SAP HANA .................................................... 1.2.2 Native Implementation of SAP HANA for Analytics .......... SAP Business Suite on SAP HANA .................................................. Traditional EIM with SAP Data Services ......................................... 1.4.1 Align IT with the Business ................................................ 1.4.2 Establish Processes to Manage the Data ........................... 1.4.3 Source System Analysis .................................................... 1.4.4 Develop a Data Model ..................................................... 1.4.5 Load the Data .................................................................. Traditional Business Intelligence with SAP BusinessObjects BI ....... 1.5.1 The Semantic Layer (Universe) .......................................... 1.5.2 Ad Hoc Reporting ............................................................ 1.5.3 Self-Service BI .................................................................. 1.5.4 IT-Developed Content ...................................................... Solution Architectural Overview .................................................... 1.6.1 SAP Data Services ............................................................ 1.6.2 SAP BusinessObjects BI .................................................... 1.6.3 SAP HANA ....................................................................... Summary ....................................................................................... 28 28 32 38 38 42 57 60 60 61 61 62 62 62 63 64 64 66 66 67 70 73 76 Securing the SAP HANA Environment ...................................... 77 2.1 Configuring the SAP HANA Environment for Development ............ 2.1.1 Introduction to the SAP HANA Repository ....................... 2.1.2 Configuring SAP HANA Studio ......................................... 78 79 80 7 Contents 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 87 95 100 101 106 108 109 110 115 116 126 131 133 135 136 137 138 139 139 147 150 152 Data Storage in SAP HANA ....................................................... 155 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 8 2.1.3 Setting Up Packages and Development Projects ............... 2.1.4 Setting up Schemas in SAP HANA .................................... SAP HANA Authorizations ............................................................. 2.2.1 Types of SAP HANA Privileges .......................................... 2.2.2 Granting of Privileges and the Life Cycle of a Grant .......... User and Role Provisioning ............................................................ 2.3.1 Creating Roles (the Traditional Approach) ........................ 2.3.2 Creating Roles as Repository Objects ................................ 2.3.3 Preventing Rights Escalation Scenarios ............................. 2.3.4 Common Role Scenarios and Their Privileges .................... 2.3.5 User Provisioning ............................................................. SAP HANA Authentication ............................................................ 2.4.1 Internal Authentication with User Name and Password .... 2.4.2 Kerberos Authentication .................................................. 2.4.3 SAML Authentication ....................................................... 2.4.4 Other Web-Based Authentication Methods for SAP HANA XS .................................................................. 2.4.5 Summary and Recommendations ...................................... Case Study: An End-to-End Security Configuration ......................... 2.5.1 Authentication Plan .......................................................... 2.5.2 Authorization Plan ........................................................... 2.5.3 User Provisioning Plan ...................................................... Summary ....................................................................................... OLAP and OLTP Data Storage ........................................................ 3.1.1 The Spinning Disk Problem .............................................. 3.1.2 Combating the Problem ................................................... Data Storage Components ............................................................. 3.2.1 Schemas and Users ........................................................... 3.2.2 Column-Store Tables ........................................................ 3.2.3 Row-Store Tables ............................................................. 3.2.4 Use Cases for Both Row- and Column-Store Tables .......... Modeling Tables and Data Marts ................................................... 3.3.1 Legacy Relational OLAP Modeling .................................... 3.3.2 SAP HANA Relational OLAP Modeling ............................. 3.3.3 Denormalizing Data in SAP HANA .................................... Case Study: Creating Data Marts and Tables for an SAP HANA Project ......................................................................... 3.4.1 Creating a Schema for the Data Mart ................................ 155 157 157 165 165 167 172 173 175 176 180 183 186 187 Contents Creating the Fact Table and Dimension Tables in SAP HANA ................................................................... 189 Summary ....................................................................................... 194 3.4.2 3.5 PART II Getting Data Into SAP HANA 4 Preprovisioning Data with SAP Data Services .......................... 197 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5 Making the Case for Source System Analysis .................................. SSA Techniques in SAP Data Services ............................................. 4.2.1 Column Profiling .............................................................. 4.2.2 Relationship Profiling ....................................................... SSA: Beyond Tools and Profiling .................................................... 4.3.1 Establishing Patterns ........................................................ 4.3.2 Looking Across Sources .................................................... 4.3.3 Treating Disparate Systems as One ................................... 4.3.4 Mapping Your Data .......................................................... Summary ....................................................................................... 197 202 205 211 215 217 219 219 220 222 Provisioning Data with SAP Data Services ............................... 223 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Provisioning Data Using SAP Data Services Designer ..................... 5.1.1 Metadata ......................................................................... 5.1.2 Datastores ........................................................................ 5.1.3 Jobs ................................................................................. 5.1.4 Workflows ....................................................................... 5.1.5 Data Flows ....................................................................... 5.1.6 Transforms ....................................................................... 5.1.7 Built-In Functions ............................................................. 5.1.8 Custom Functions and Scripts ........................................... 5.1.9 File Formats ..................................................................... 5.1.10 Real-Time Jobs ................................................................. Introduction to SAP Data Services Workbench .............................. 5.2.1 Building a Data Flow ........................................................ 5.2.2 Moving Data from an Existing Data Warehouse ................ 5.2.3 Porting Data with the Quick Replication Wizard ............... 5.2.4 Modifying Data Flows and Jobs ........................................ Data Provisioning via Real-Time Replication .................................. 5.3.1 SAP Data Services ETL-Based Method (ETL and DQ) ........ 5.3.2 SAP Landscape Transformation ......................................... Summary ....................................................................................... 223 225 227 231 234 244 255 277 281 285 288 290 293 297 297 304 305 306 307 308 9 Contents 6 Loading Data with SAP Data Services ...................................... 309 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Loading Data in a Batch ................................................................. 6.1.1 Steps ................................................................................ 6.1.2 Methods .......................................................................... 6.1.3 Triggers ............................................................................ Loading Data in Real Time ............................................................. Case Study: Loading Data in a Batch .............................................. 6.3.1 Initialization ..................................................................... 6.3.2 Staging ............................................................................. 6.3.3 Mart ................................................................................. 6.3.4 End Script ........................................................................ Case Study: Loading Data in Real Time .......................................... Summary ....................................................................................... 309 309 319 328 335 340 344 345 374 387 389 395 PART III Multidimensional Modeling in SAP HANA 7 Introduction to Multidimensional Modeling ............................ 399 7.1 7.2 7.3 8 8.2 8.3 8.4 SAP HANA Studio ......................................................................... 8.1.1 Systems View ................................................................... 8.1.2 Quick Launch View .......................................................... Schemas ........................................................................................ Packages ....................................................................................... Summary ....................................................................................... 413 417 418 420 423 426 Creating SAP HANA Information Views .................................... 427 9.1 10 400 404 404 408 411 Tools and Components of Multidimensional Modeling ........... 413 8.1 9 Understanding Multidimensional Models ..................................... Benefits of SAP HANA Multidimensional Modeling ....................... 7.2.1 Business Benefits .............................................................. 7.2.2 Technology Benefits ......................................................... Summary ....................................................................................... Attribute Views ............................................................................. 427 9.1.1 Creating an Attribute View ............................................... 429 9.1.2 Defining Properties of an Attribute View .......................... 431 Contents 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.1.3 Creating Hierarchies ......................................................... 9.1.4 Saving and Activating the Attribute View ......................... Analytic Views ............................................................................... 9.2.1 Creating an Analytic View ................................................ 9.2.2 Defining Properties of an Analytic View ........................... 9.2.3 Saving and Activating the Analytic View ........................... Calculation Views .......................................................................... 9.3.1 Creating a Calculation View ............................................. 9.3.2 Defining a Graphical Calculation View .............................. 9.3.3 Defining a Script-Based Calculation View ......................... Summary ....................................................................................... 439 442 444 445 447 459 460 461 466 474 478 10 Multidimensional Modeling in Practice ................................... 479 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Data Processing in SAP HANA ....................................................... 10.1.1 Normalized Data versus Denormalized Data ..................... 10.1.2 Data Modeling versus Multidimensional Modeling ........... 10.1.3 Managing Normalized Data in SAP HANA ........................ Case Study 1: Modeling Sales Data to Produce Robust Analytics .... 10.2.1 Creating the Supporting Attribute Views .......................... 10.2.2 Creating Analytic Views .................................................... Case Study 2: Building Complex Calculations for Executive-Level Analysis ................................................................ 10.3.1 Creating the Package ........................................................ 10.3.2 Creating the Calculation View .......................................... 10.3.3 Defining the Calculation View .......................................... Summary ....................................................................................... 479 480 485 487 490 490 508 515 516 518 520 533 11 Securing Data in SAP HANA ..................................................... 535 11.1 11.2 11.3 Introduction to Analytic Privileges ................................................. 11.1.1 What are Analytic Privileges? ........................................... 11.1.2 Types of Analytic Privileges .............................................. 11.1.3 Dynamic vs. Static Value Restrictions ............................... Creating Analytic Privileges ............................................................ 11.2.1 Traditional Analytic Privileges ........................................... 11.2.2 SQL-Based Analytic Privileges ........................................... Applying Analytic Privileges ........................................................... 11.3.1 Applying Analytic Privileges to Information Views ............ 11.3.2 Interaction of Multiple Analytic Privileges and Multiple Restrictions ........................................................ 536 536 537 538 540 540 556 561 561 563 11 Contents 11.4 11.5 11.3.3 Interaction of Multiple Information Views with Analytic Privileges ............................................................ Case Study: Securing Sales Data with Analytic Privileges ................ 11.4.1 Overview and Requirements ............................................ 11.4.2 Implementation Strategy .................................................. 11.4.3 Implementation Examples ................................................ Summary ....................................................................................... 564 567 568 569 570 581 PART IV Integrating SAP HANA with SAP Business Intelligence Tools 12 Building Universes for SAP HANA ............................................ 585 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12 SAP HANA and the Universe .....................................................
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