microNotes1 - Virus Bacteria Fungus Parasite Differences...

Differences Eukaryote Prokaryote Drugs
Nuclear
Membrane
Yes No
Organelles Bound Unbound
Digestive
vacuoles
Yes No
Chromosomes Multiple Single DNA gyrasecan be
targeted with
quinoloneslike
ciprofloxacin
Membrane
sterols
Yes No
Peptidoglycan No Yes Penicillins,
cephalosporins
Ribosomes 80s 70s Aminoglycosides,
Macrolides
Microbiology Basics Prion Virus Bacteria Fungus Parasite
No No Yes Yes Yes
Nucleic Acid No RNA/DNA RNA and DNA RNA and DNA RNA and DNA
Nucleus None None Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic
Ribosomes None None 70s 80s 80s
Mitochondria None None None Yes Yes
Outer
Surface
None Proteincapsid
Envelope
Rigid wall
Peptidoglycan
Rigid wall
Chitin
Flexible
membrane
Replication Aggregates Requireshost Binary fission Budding or
mitosis
Mitosis
Functions of normal flora
•Prevent colonization
and infection with
pathogens
•Produce B vitamins and
Vitamin K in the
intestine
•Deconjugatebile acids
Typhoid Mary: first person identified as a healthy
carrier of Salmonella typhi in the United States.
She infected 75 people over the course of 7 years
Site Normal Flora Problem Colonizers
Skin • S.epidermidis
• Diptheroids
• Proprionobacteriumacnes
• Candida
• S.Aureus
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Nose • S. epidermis
• Diptheroids
• Streptococci
• S. Aureus
• MRSA
Clostridium perfingins
Humans normally have permanent, nonpathogenic resident
bacteria and yeast on skin and mucosa. Their numbers are about
10 times the number of human cells. The blood, lower respiratory
tract, CSF, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine are sterile and
do not contain any normal flora.
Nile Law : California state law that
requires the screening of all high-risk
patients for MRSA. High-risk criteria
include: inpatient surgery, burn, ICU,
dialysis, hospitalized or nursing home
as a cook and was quarantined for 26 years. Mouth • S.viridans
• Bacteroides
• Fusobacterium
• Streptococcus mutans
• Porphyromonasgingivalis
Throat • S.viridans
• Neisseriaspp.
• Haemophilusspp.
• S. pyogenies(Group A)
• Meningococci
Colon • Bacteroidesfragilis
• Enterobacteriaecae
• Lactobacillus
• Enterococci
• Clostridium
• C.difficile
• Vancomycin-resistant
enterococci
Vagina • Lactobacillus
• Streptococci
• B. Fragilis
• Enterobacteriacae
• Candida
• GroupB Streptococci
from the normal bowel
flora can cause
myonecrosisif
inoculated into an
anaerobic environment
in a wound.
Attachment
Colonization
Invasion
Evasion of
host defenses
Host damage
and Infection
Steps in Microbial Pathogenesis
Selecting antibiotics:
choose an antibiotic to
which the pathogen is
likely sensitive, but
which has the most
limited spectrum so as
to limit the
development of
resistance.

General Bacteria Featur Gram Stain:
Gram positive cells have a thick layer of
peptidoglycan, which serves as a barrier
to lipid decolorizing solvents. Since the
cells cannot be decolorized, they remain
purple despite addition of decolorizing
agent.