Chapter 7 Bone Tissue - Chapter 7 Bone Tissue BONE AS A TISSUE Dynamic tissue that continually remodels itself Bones and bone tissue bone or osseous

Chapter 7 Bone Tissue BONE AS A TISSUE • Dynamic tissue that continually remodels itself • Bones and bone tissue • bone or osseous tissue is a connective tissue with a matrix hardened by minerals (__________________) • bones make up the skeletal system individual bones are made up of bone tissue, marrow, cartilage & periosteum • Functions of the skeletal system Bone Shapes fig.7-1 Long bone Flat bone Short bone BONE PARTS • Periosteum & articular cartilage *Compact & spongy bone • Endosteum *Yellow marrow • Shaft or ___________ is cylinder of compact bone containing marrow cavity or ____________ cavity & lined with _________________ • endosteum -layer of _____________ cells and reticular connective tissue • Enlarged ends or _________________ are spongy bone covered with a layer of compact bone – enlarged to strengthen joint & provide for attachment of tendons and ligaments • Joint surface covered with articular cartilage (lubrication) What kind of cartilage??? • Remainder of bone covered with periosteum – outer fibrous layer of collagen fibers continuous with tendons that penetrate into bone matrix – inner osteogenic layer important for growth & healing • __________________________depends on age FLAT BONES • External and internal surfaces of flat bone are composed of compact bone • Middle layer is spongy bone • No marrow cavity • Examples?

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BONE TISSUE CELL TYPES • 1) _____________cells reside in _____________, ____________ or central canals – arise from embryonic fibroblasts and become only source for new osteoblasts – multiply continuously & differentiate into osteoblasts in response to stress or fractures • 2) Osteoblasts form and help mineralize organic matter of matrix • 3) ____________ are ____________ that have become trapped in the matrix they formed – signal osteoclasts & osteoblasts about mechanical stresses • 4) Osteoclasts develop in bone marrow by the fusion of 3-50 of the same stem cells that give rise to monocytes found in blood. ____________________________!!! • Reside in pits that they have eaten into the surface of the bone Matrix of bone • Dry weight is 1/3 organic & 2/3 inorganic matter • Organic matter – collagen, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans & glycoproteins • Inorganic matter – 85% hydroxyapatite (crystallized calcium phosphate salt) – 10% calcium carbonate – other minerals (fluoride, sulfate, potassium, magnesium) • Combination provides for strength & resilience – minerals resist compression; collagen resists tension – bone adapts to tension and compression by varying proportions of minerals and collagen fibers COMPACT BONE • Osteon (________________ system) = basic structural unit – cylinders of tissue formed from layers (________) of matrix arranged around central canal holding a blood vessel – osteocytes connected to each other and their blood supply by tiny cell processes in _____________ • Perforating canals or Volkmann canals – vascular canals perpendicularly joining central canals- run horizontally • Circumferential or outer lamellae FIG 7.4 SPONGY BONE •