CHAPTER 16
Social Psychology
o
Social psychology
: the branch of psychology that studies individuals as they
interact with others.
1.Self-persuasion is defined by self-directive behavior.
2.The more outside control, the less inside control.
3.The more obvious the external control, the less the self-persuasion.
4.Mild threats influence more self-persuasion.
5.Large incentives can hinder self-persuasion.
6.Perceived choice enhances self-persuasion.
7.Perceived choice is greater when working to achieve
success than when working to avoid
failure.
Seven Principles of Social Dynamics
Influence Safety Improvement
Consistency
:
•
We resist change.
•
We act ourselves into certain thinking, and vice versa.
•
We honor public, active, and voluntary commitment.
Reciprocity
:
•
We return favors.
•
We are more likely to comply after retreating.
Ingratiation
:
•
We are attracted to similarities.
•
We like those who praise us and cooperate.
•
We actively care for the people we like.
Conformity
:
•
We follow those who are similar and credible.
•
We model most in unfamiliar situations.
Authority
:
•
We follow authority blindly and mindlessly.
•
We follow those with credibility.
Scarcity
:
•
We react to protect our individuality.
•
We value rare opportunities.
•
We are motivated to avoid loss.
Novelty
:
•
We habituate to the routine.
•
We are attentive and attracted to the unique.
Groups & Social Influence
•
Deindividuation
: state in which people in a group can feel anonymous and
unidentifiable and therefore feel less concerned with what others think of their
behavior
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•
Bystander Apathy
: Kitty Genovese- beaten and stabbed to death in a residential
area of New York City over the course of 30 minutes; 38 people saw but no one
helped.
•
Diffusion of responsibility:
the effect of being in a group that apparently reduces
the sense of personal responsibility of each group member to act appropriately.
•
Social Facilitation:
an effect in which working in a group improves one’s
performance on individual projects.
•
Social Loafing:
the tendency of members of group to work less hard when group
performance is measured than when individual performance is measured.
•
Groupthink:
the faulty decision-making process that may occur in groups.
•
Polarization:
the tendency for group discussion to make beliefs and attitudes
more extreme
•
Risky Options:
studies have shown that most of us do NOT recommend risky
options when we are alone with the person asking for advice; however, when
groups of persons discuss such dilemmas, they are much more likely to take
extreme positions and recommend risky options.
Social Conformity
o
Conformity
: yielding to group pressure even when no direct request to comply
has been made
o
Public vs. private judgments
:
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Clear-cut vs. ambiguous situations
:
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Size & consensus of group
:
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Individualistic vs. collectivistic cultures
:
•
Social Roles
: culturally determined guidelines that tell people what behavior is
expected of them
•
Social Norms

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- Spring '10
- GELLER
- Social Psychology
-
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