Unformatted text preview: Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems Life-Cycle Analysis of Energy, Transport, and Materials: Introducing GEMIS Version 4.0 Uwe R. Fritsche, Coordinator
Energy & Climate Division
Öko-Institut (Institute for Applied Ecology) © 1990-2001 by Öko-Institut Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems Overall GEMIS Characteristics
N Database on technical, environmental,
and cost aspects N Cross-border life-cycle analysis of energy,
transport, and material technologies N Evaluation tool, determining tradeoffs
between multiple objectives © 1990-2001 by Öko-Institut Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems The Basics: Energy Flows
extraction
resource transport
energy combustion conversion
energy transport product
e.g. electricity © 1990-2001 by Öko-Institut = main energy flow
= auxiliary energy flow Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems
air pollutants,
greenhouse gases extraction transport air pollutants,
greenhouse gases resource
liquid/solid wastes liquid/solid wastes
land use air pollutants,
greenhouse gases transport conversion air pollutants,
greenhouse gases liquid/solid wastes
liquid/solid wastes land use land use
combustion air pollutants,
greenhouse gases land use liquid/solid wastes transport
product
land use © 1990-2001 by Öko-Institut e.g. electricity Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems 2nd Dimension: Material Flows
extraction
resource transport
materials manufacturing
transport
materials product
e.g. plastic © 1990-2001 by Öko-Institut Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems © 1990-2001 by Öko-Institut Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems Access to GEMIS:
N The use of GEMIS is free N Model & database files available from
Öko-Institut´s website: http://www.oeko.de/service/gemis
© 1990-2001 by Öko-Institut Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems USA RSA NL D-West D-East D-total RUS CAN 1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 AUS CO2-equiv. per kWh-el Examples from GEMIS calculations of life-cycle
emissions from electricity generation in several countries: If countries start to trade (e.g. NL, D, RUS), the
„baseline“ for electricity must face regional mixes.
© 1990-2001 by Öko-Institut Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems CO2-eq. in g/kWh-el As regards „marginal plants“, here are life-cycle results for various
electricity generation options (calculated with GEMIS) from which
you could calculate your „own“ baseline mix:
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
n
-co
ge gas
-CC gas
-CC coa
l-co
nve
ntio
nal
coa
l-PF
BC
coa
l-IG
CC
coa
l-co
gen
FG
D
coa
l-co
gen
FB
C
coa
l-IG
CC
cog
en 0 Note that fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) emits more N2O, so that
CO2-equivalents from FBC are higher than from desulfurization (FGD) ! © 1990-2001 by Öko-Institut Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems 1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0 coalST +
oil bo
iler
gasGT - c
oge n
+ oil
boile
gasr
CC-c
oge n
+ oil
boile
BIGr
STIG
-cog
en +
oil bo
BIGile
CC-c
oge n
+ oil
boile
r
biog
as-c
oge n CO2-eq. in g/(kWhel + 2
kWh-th) Comparing cgeneration, especially from biomass residues (grown
sustainably) to other options must take into account that two products are
deliverd: electricity and heat - therefore, you should add an “equivalent“
heating system to electricity-only generators to the extent that cogen
system utilize waste heat- then the balance looks as follows: © 1990-2001 by Öko-Institut Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems
In contrast, you can also „credit“ the cogen systems for their utilized
waste heat by subtracting e.g. an „avoided“ boiler, so that you get
the „net“ emissions for the cogenerated electricity:
1500 g CO2-eq./kWh-el 1000
500
0
-500
-1000 coal-ST gas-GTcogen gas-CCcogen BIG-STIGcogen BIG-CCcogen biogascogen As you can see, the deltas between the options are the same
for the „net“ as for the „gross“ method.
© 1990-2001 by Öko-Institut Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems GEMIS and the Kioto Mechanisms
N GEMIS can calculate „baselines“ of
various types, and offers large
database for benchmarking
N GEMIS helps to determine if and to
what extend projects might be „CDMor JI-able“
N GEMIS calculates possible project
and CER/ERU costs ranges
© 1990-2001 by Öko-Institut ...
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- Global Warming, Coal, Emission standard, Integrated Systems
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