Anthro Midterm notes - Autochthonous 1 Originating where...

Autochthonous : 1. Originating where found; indigenous: autochthonous rocks; an
autochthonous people; autochthonous folktales. See Synonyms at native.
2. Biology Originating or formed in the place where found: an autochthonous blood clot.
Synchronic: having reference to the facts of a linguistic system as it exists at one point in
time without reference to its history: synchronic analysis; synchronic dialectology. Of or
relating to the study of phenomena, such as linguistic features, or of events of a particular
time, without reference to their historical context.
Diachronic: of or pertaining to the changes in a linguistic system between successive
points in time; historical: diachronic analysis. Of or concerned with phenomena, such as
linguistic features, as they change through time.
Chthonic: Of or relating to the underworld, of or pertaining to the deities, spirits, and
other beings dwelling under the earth
Metaphor : The use of one image to evoke, elucidate or explain the meaning of another.
Metonymy : the use of entities associated with one another to stand for each other, .e.g., a
part comes to stand for a whole, or things which have been in contact with each other
continue this association with one another.
Simile : an explicitely indicated metaphor, which uses a word like “like” or “as” to
indicate a relation or comparison between the components.
Synecdoche : the combination of metaphor and metonymy in a complex relationship of
part to whole.
Irony : a juxtaposing of a description or reference with a more complete knowledge not
stated.
Hyperbole : a deliberate, gross, exaggeration, much used in satire.
Allegory : A poetic device sort of like an extended metaphor, but where the complex
representations is made through a whole story or tableau, and the set of relations which
draws the parallel is only implied. In metaphor the two parts of the relations are both
stated.
Substitution : (Metonymy) where the whole is represented by a part.
Visual Images : images may represent a verbal message. These are like visual puns.
Allusion : where you represent a complete thought by one symbol.
Condensation : Several thoughts are all represented by one symbol. These associations
and shared symbols do not actually mean the masked meaning is similar. Condensation
is not logical, but makes the affect load of a symbol more intense.
multi-vocalic: many voices
poly-semic: many referents
orectic = sensory
ideologic = social

Turner :
“A symbol is a thing regarded by general consent as typifying or recalling something by
possession of analogous qualities or by association in fact or thought.”
Analogous qualities = metaphor
Association in fact or thought = metonym
Symbolic Properties :
1) Condensation
2) Unification of Disparate Meanings
3) Polarization of Meanings
Ortner :
The meaning of a symbol may change according to the context in which it is found or
expressed.