Unit-07.pdf - BDwbU 7 u00c1vbg~jK weKvk f~wgKv u00c1vbev`...

BDwbU 7: Ávbg ~jK weKvk
f ~wgKv
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gvbwmK cÖwμqvi dj| GB cÖwμqvq AšÍfy©³ i‡q‡Q cÖZ¨ÿY, AwfÁZv I ` „wófw½| Ávbev`xiv g‡b K‡ib
wkL‡bi mgq Avgiv Avm‡j GKwU mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nB| GB mgm¨vc ~Y© cwi‡e‡k Avgiv wb‡Ri Ávb I
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mgvavbB nj wkLb| wkLb wbf©i K‡i wkïi myô z weKv‡ki Dci| cwiYgb I AwfÁZvi d‡j wkïi gv‡S
μgea©gvb cwieZ©‡bi †h aviv cwijwÿZ nq ZvB n‡jv weKvk| GB μgea©gvb cwieZ©‡bi aviv KZ¸‡jv
bxwZ Abymv‡i n‡q _v‡K Ges G‡Z i‡q‡Q KZ¸‡jv cÖwμqv I ch©vq| wkïi Ávb weKv‡ki gZev` m¤ú‡K©
Rvbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wkïi wewfboe eq‡mi weKvk m¤ú‡K© Rvbv| G D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB BDwbU 7-G
wkïi weKvk I Áv‡bi weKvk m¤úwK©Z eªæbvi, R u¨v wcqv‡R I fvBMU&w¯‹i gZev` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZ z wkïi Áv‡bi weKvk wbf©i K‡i moevq y‡Kvl I gw¯Í‡®‹i weKv‡ki Dci †m Kvi‡Y moevq y‡Kvl I
gw¯Í‡®‹i weKvk m¤ú‡K©I Rvbv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| DcwiD³ wel‡qi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb K‡i BDwbU 7-†K wb‡g oei c uvPwU
cv‡V fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cvV 7.1 :
wkk yi weKv‡ki aviYv
cvV 7.2 :
moevqy‡Kvl I gw¯Í‡®‹i weKvk
cvV 7.3 :
eªæbv‡ii Ávb weKvk gZev` Ges †k ÖwYK‡ÿ Gi cÖ‡qvM
cvV 7.4 :
R¨vu wcqv‡Ri Ávb weKv‡ki gZev` Ges †k ÖwYK‡ÿ Gi cÖ‡qvM
cvV 7.5 : fvBMU&w¯‹i mvgvwRK MVbev` Ges †k ÖwYK‡ÿ Gi cÖ‡qvM

¯‹zj Ae GW z‡Kkb GgGW †cÖvM Övg
c„ôv 162 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
cvV- 7.1: wkïi weKv ‡ ki aviYv
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
 weKvk I ea©b Kx?Ñ Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 weKvk I ea©‡bi g ~j cv_©K¨ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 weKv‡ki cÖwμqv Ges bxwZ¸‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 weKv‡ki ch©vq¸‡jv mbv³ I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wkïi weKvk m¤ú‡K© wkÿ‡Ki †Kb Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
wkÿv_x©e„›`, G cv‡V Avgiv wkïi weKvk Ges Gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wKQ z welq m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kie|
mvaviYfv‡e weKvk ej‡Z eySvq ˆRweK, Ávbg ~jK, mvgvwRK Ges Av‡ewMK cwieZ©b, hv Mf©avi‡Yi mgq
†_‡K ïiæ n‡q cy‡iv Rxeb cwimi ch©šÍ Pj‡Z _v‡K (
Santrock,
2006, c„. 35)| weKvk n‡”Q GKwU
RwUj cÖwμqv †hLv‡b ea©b Ges ¶q G ` yÕ‡Uv cÖwμqvB wμqvkxj| e¨w³i Rxe‡b GB ` yÕwU cÖwμqv Mf©avi‡Yi
g ~ûZ© †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Avg „Z y¨ wμqvkxj _v‡K| A‡b‡K Ôea©bÕ
(Growth)
Ges ÔweKvkÕ
(Development)
kã ` yÕwU‡K mgv_©K g‡b Ki‡jI kã ` yÕwU mgv_©K bq| ea©b n‡jv cwigvYMZ cwieZ©b
(Quantitative
Change)
| wecix‡Z, weKv‡ki gva¨‡g †h cwieZ©b nq Zv‡K ¸YMZ cwieZ©b
(Qualitative Change)
e‡j| GKwU D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g welqwU eySv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| wkÿv_x©e„›`, Avgiv Rvwb GKwU wkï hLb Rb¥
MÖnY K‡i ZLb Zvi IRb n‡q _v‡K 5 †_‡K 8 cvDÛ Ges ˆ`N ©¨ 17-20 BwÂ| eqm evovi mv‡_ mv‡_
wkïwUi ˆ`N ©¨ I IRb DfqB evo‡Z _v‡K| ˆ`N © I IR‡bi GB e„w× n‡jv cwigvYMZ hv‡K Avgiv eje
ea©b
(Growth)
| GKBfv‡e wkïwUi Ab¨vb¨ A½I evo‡Z _v‡K †m¸‡jv‡K Avgiv eje e„w×| eqm evovi
mv‡_ mv‡_ wkïi ïa y e„w×B nq bv Zvi A½cÖZ¨½¸‡jv wKQ y ¶gZvI AR©b K‡i _v‡K| D`vniY¯^iƒc, R‡b¥i
ci †h †QvU nvZwU wb‡q wkï wKQ zB Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv bv ax‡i ax‡i †m Zvi nvZwU w`‡q †Ljbv ai‡Z cv‡i,
wjL‡Z cv‡i, nvZ w`‡q Zvi ˆ`bw›`b KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zv n‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q †h Zvi nvZwU ïa y ˆ`‡N ©¨B
ev‡owb Zvi ¸YMZ gv‡biI cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| wkïi gv‡S GB ¸YMZ cwieZ©bwU‡KB Avgiv eje weKvk|
wkÿv_x©e„›`, GZ¶Y Avcbviv Ôea©bÕ I ÔweKvkÕ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb| cieZx© As‡k wkïi weKv‡ki