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Unformatted text preview: WATER
(WITH HANDBOOK
ON
SUPPLY AND SPECIAL EMPHASIS DRAINAGE
ON PLUMBING) HANDBOOK
ON
SUPPLY AND WATER
(WITH SPECIAL BUREAU
MANAK EMPHASIS OF DRAINAGE
ON INDIAN BHAVAN,
9 BAHADUR
SHAH
NEW DELHI 110002 PLUMBING) STANDARDS
ZAFAR MARG SP 35 : 1987 FIRST PUBLISHED DECEMBER 1987
FIRST REPRINT SEPTEMBER 1993
0 BUREAU OF lNDIAN STANDARDS UDC 628.11.3 (021)
ISBN 81-7061-009-5 PRICE Rs 400.00 PRlNTED
IN INDIA
AT KAPOOR ART PRESS, A 38/3 MAYAPURI,
NEW DELHI
AND PUBLISHED
BY
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS,
NEW DELHI I10002 110064 FOREWORD
Users of varioua civil engineering
codes have been feeling the need for explanatory
handbooks
and other compilations
based on Indian Standards.
The need has been
further emphasized in view of the publication
of the National Building Code of India in
1970 and its implementation.
The Expert Group set up in 1972 by the Department
of
Science and .fechnology,
Government
of India, carried out in-depth studies in various
areas of civil engineering and construction
practices. During the preparation
of the Fifth
Five-Year Plan in 1975, the Group was assigned the task of producing a Science and
Technology
plan for research, development and extension work in the sector of housing
and construction
technology. One of the items of this plan was the production of design
handbooks,
explanatory
handbooks
and design aids based on the National Building
Code and various Indian Standards, and other activities in the promotion of the National
Building
Code. The Expert Group gave high priority
to this item and on the
recommendation
of the Department
of Science and Technology.
the Planning
Commission
approved the following two projects which were assigned to the Bureau of
Indian Standards.
a) Development
programme
engineering
construction,
b) Typification for industrial on
and code implementation for building and civil buildings. A Special Committee
for lmplemcntation
of Science and
fechnology
Projects
(SCIP), consisting of experts connected with different aspects, was set up in 1974 to advise
the BIS Directorate
Gcneral
III
identifying
the handbooks
and for guiding
the
development
of the work. Under the first prqject. the Committee
has so far identified
subjects for several explanatory
handbooks,‘compilations
covering appropriate
Indian
Standards; Codes;Specifications
which include the following:
Design Aids for Reinforced
Concrete to IS : 456-1978 (SP : lh-1980)
Explanatory
Handbook
on Masonry Code (SP : 20-1981)
Explanatory
Handbook
on Codes of Earthquake
Engineering
(IS : 1893-1975 and
IS : 432h-1976) (SP : 22-1982)
Handbook
on Concrete Mixes (SP : 23-1982)
Explanatory
Handbook on Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced
Concrete (IS : 456-1978) (SP : 24-1983)
Handbook
on Causes and Prevention
of Cracks in Buildings (SP : 25-1984)
Summaries
of Indian Standards
for Building Materials (SP : 21-1983)
Handbook
on Functional
Requirements
of Industrial
Buildings (SP : 32-1986)
Handbook
on Timber Engineering
(SP : 33-1986)
Handbook
on Concrete
Reinforcement
and Detailing (SP : 34-1987)
Handbook
on
Water Supply and Drainage with Special Emphasis on Plumbing
(SP : 35-1987)
Functional
Requirements
of Buildings (Other than Industrial Buildings)(SP
: 41-1987)
Foundation
of Buildings
Steel Code (IS : X00)
Building Construction
Practices
Hulk Storage Structures
in Steel
Formwork
Fire Safetv
Constructibn
Safety Practices
Tall Buildings
Inspection
of Different Items of Building Work
Loading Code
Prefabrication
The Handbook
on Water Supply and Drainage with Special Emphasis on Plumbing,
which is one of the handbooks
in the series, deals with the design, construction,
maintenance,
etc. of all water supply systems and waste water disposal systems with
special reference to water supply systems within the premises and waste water collection.
transportation
and disposal from domestic sanitary appliances. It gives details for design
of small individual
disposal systems and broad outlines for the design of large scale
transportation,
treatment
and disposal systems for sewage. The Handbook
is also intended to give detailed design for the water supply system
within a premises and the treatment and disposal of domestic sewage in septic tanks and
stabilization
ponds in appendices, and charts for the design of all pressure pipes based on
Ha7.en and William’s formula as well as for the design of free flow conduits based on
Manning’s
formula.
The Handbook.
it is hoped, would provide useful guidance to public health engineers,
plumbing engineers and others dealing with the material, design, construction,
testing,
inspection.
etc. of water supply and drainage.
The Handbook
is based on the draft prepared by Shri T. Durai RaJ, former Deputy
Adviser (PHE), Ministry of Works and Housing, Government
of India. The draft was
circulated
for review to the Municipal
Corportion
of Greater Bombay; Engineer-inChief’s Branch, Army Headquarters,
New Delhi; Ministry of Works and Housing, New
Delhi: Indian
Institute
of Technology,
Bombay;
Delhi Water Supply & Sewerage
Disposal
IJndertaking,
New Delhi; National
Environmental
Engineering
Research
Institute,
Nagpur; All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta;
Public
Health Departement
(PWD), Government
of Andhra Pradesh; Madras Metropolitan
Water
Supply
and Sewerage
Board; Central
Public
Health and Environmental
Engineering
Organization,
New Delhi; Calcutta Metropolitan
Development
Authority.
Calcutta;
College of Military Engineering,
Punt; Delhi Development
Authority,
New
Delhi; Engineers
India Ltd, New Delhi; Shri Bnlwant Singh; Shri Devendra Singh,
Sanitary Consultant
and Quantity Surveyor, Bombay; Shri S. G. Deolalikar. Consulting
Sanitary Engineer, New Delhi; and their views have been taken into consideration
while
finalizing
the Handbook. CONTENTS
Page
Section 1 Introduction 1 Section 2 Terminology 5 Section 3 Plumbing Section 4 Hydraulics Section 5 Water 11
and 99 6 Drainage Section 7 Measurement
of Water
Sanitary Works Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix
Appendix A B C D E F
G 31 Supply Section Appendix 17 Pneumatics Supply, Drainage and
151 Procedure
Adopted by the Madras Metropolitan
Water
Supply and Sewerage Board for the Grant of Water
Connections
for Domestic Consumption
and Use 155 Procedure
Adopted by the Madras Metropolitan
Water
Supply and Sewerage Board for the Grant of Sewer
Connections 156 Rules Regarding Grant of Licence and Service Conditions
of Plumbers
Followed by the Madras Metropolitan
Water Supply and Sewerage Board 157 Design of a Water Supply System in the Building of a
Four Storeyed Block of Twin Apartments
with Water
Supply from an Overhead Tank on the Building 159 Typical Design of a Septic Tank Installation
Absorption
System for the Four Storeyed
Twin Apartments with Soil
Block of
163 List of Indian Standards
Relating
Drainage and Sanitation Supply, Solved Examples to Water 164
171 SPECIAL COMMITTEE
FOR IMPLEMENTATION
OF
AND TECHNOLOGY
PROJECTS
(SCIP)
CHAIKMA National SCIENCE N Dr H. C. Visvesvaraya
Council for Cement and Building
New Delhi Materials KEPHESENTING MEMBERS Shri A. K. Banerjee Metallurgical
Ranchi Shri J. D. Chaturvedi Planning Commission, Central Director & Engineering Building Gurnam Singh Ministry of Food Shri U. R. Kurlekar Ministry of Food Dr M. Ramaiah Structural
Madras Shri G. S. Rao
Shri A. Chakraborty Central Institute & Civil Supplies
and Engineering Public (India) Ltd, New Delhi Research Shri Consultants Civil Roorkee (Finance Division) Supplies Research Works (CSIR), Department Centre (CSIR), (CDO), New Delhi (Alternate) Shri T. S. Ratnam Ministry Shri V. Rao Department Shri G. Raman (Member Aiygari
$ecrerarv) Bureau of Finance (Bureau of Science of Indian of Public & Technology, Standards, New Delhi Enterprises)
New Delhi SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank SP : 3S(S&T)-1987 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTlON
1. INTRODUCTION The Bureau
of Indian
Standards
has been
preparing several standards on items pertaining to
public health engineering
through the help of the
several sectional committees and sub-committees
constituted under the several Division Councils of
the Bureau. The subjects are so varied as to come
under
the scope
of the civil engineering,
mechanical
engineering,
chemical
engineering,
structurals
and metals, consumer
products, etc.
The members constituting
the committees are
drawn
from
the Government,
manufacturers,
consumers,
etc. The standards
pertaining
to
public health engineering have been formulated at
different times and are being revised as and when
necessity arises due to changing times and the
prevailing practice. However, there was a long felt
need for a handbook
on water supply and
drainage
,with special emphasis
on plumbing
giving information
on all related subjects in a
comprehensive
and coordinated
manner
giving
references to the existing standards to facilitate
quick and practical help. In this process, it has
been
necessitated
to deviate
from
certain
recommendations
already
made
in certain
standards,
especially the computation
of flow in HANDBOOK ON WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE small sized pipes and the unit fixture rate of flow.
In the absence of research work in this field in the
country, the work done in USA by Hunter has
been used, charts prepared for application in this
country with the units adopted
here regarding
possible peak rates of flow in plumbing systems.
The Hazen and William’s formula for pressure
pipes and
Manning’s
formula
for free flow
conduits have been recommended
to be adopted
in the design of plumbing
systems.
A number
of useful appendices
to help the
designer have been prepared and added to the
Handbook.
As this is only a coordinating
Handbook,
references have to be made to the
relevant
detailed
standards
already
prepared
for detailed
design,
construction,
testing,
maintenance,
sampling and inspection, and marking. A list of all relevant lndian Standards
pertaining to this Handbook has also been appended.
The recommendations
made in the manuals on
water supply and treatment as well as the manual
on sewerage and sewage treatment
prepared by
the Special
Committees
constituted
by the
Ministry of Works and Housing, New Delhi, with
which the BlS Directorate
General
was also
associated,
have been largely followed
in the
preparation
of the Handbook. As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank SECTION 2
TERMINOLOGY As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank SP : 3S(S&T)-1987 SECTION 2 TERMINOLOGY
2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 The glossary
of terms relating to water
supply and sanitation,
as given IS : 10446-1983
‘Glossary of terms for water supply and sanitation’,
should be followed in addition to the following
items. 2.11 Building (House) Trap ~ A device, fitting
or assembly of fittings installed in the building
drain to prevent circulation
of air between the
drainage system of the building and the building
sewer.
2.12
Building
Sanitary
Drain ~- A building
drain which conveys sewage but does not convey
storm water. 2.1 Authority
having
Jurisdiction - The
authority which has been created by a statute for
administering
the provisions
and which may
authorize a committee or an official to act on its
behalf; hereinafter
called the ‘Authority’. 2.13 Building
(Sanitary)
Sewer - A building
sewer which conveys sewage but does not carry
storm water. 2.2 Available
Head ~ The
head
of water
available
at the point of consideration
due to
mains’ pressure or overhead tank or any other
source of pressure. 2.14 Building
which conveys
sewage. (Storm) Drain - A building drain
storm water but does not convey 2.15 Building
which conveys
sewage. (Storm) Sewer ~ A building sewer
storm water but does not convey 2.3 Approved ~ Accepted
an applicable
specification
accepted as suitable for the
procedures
and powers of
Authority. or acceptable under
stated or cited or
proposed use under
the Administrative 2.4 Backflow
Connection - Any
whereby backflow can occur. arrangement 2.5 Barrel -That
portion of a pipe in which the
diameter
and wall thickness
remain
uniform
throughout.
2.6 Branch, Interval - A length of soil or waste
stack corresponding,
in general, to a storey height
but in no case less than 2.4 m within which the
horizontal
branches from one floor or storey of a
building are connected
to the stack.
2.7 Branch Vent - A vent connecting
one or
more individual
vents with a vent stack or stack
vent.
2.8 Building
Combined
Drain or Sewer-A
building
drain
or sewer which conveys both
sewage and storm water.
2.9 Building (House) Drain-That
part of the
lowest piping of a drainage system which receives
the discharge from soil, waste and other drainage
pipes inside the walls of the building and conveys
it to the building (house) sewer beginning 0.9 m
outside the building wall.
2.10 Building (House) Sewer - That part of the
horizontal
piping of a drainage
system which
extends from the end of the building drain which
receives the discharge of the building drain and
conveys
it to a public sewer, private sewer,
individual
sewage disposal system or other point
of disposal. Also called house connection.
HANDBOOK ON WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE 2.16 Common Vent - A vent connecting at the
junction of the two fixture drains and serving as a
vent for both fixtures.
2.17 Communication
Pipe -The
part of the
service pipe, extending from the water main up to
and including the stop cock, which is under the
control of the Authority.
2.18 Consumer-Any
person who uses or is
supplied
water or on whose application
such
water is supplied by the Authority.
2.19 Consumer’s
Pipe-The
portion of service
pipe used for supply of water and which is not the
property of the Authority.
2.20 Continuous Vent - A vertical vent that is a
continuation
of the drain to which it connects.
2.21 Deep Manhole - A manhole of such depth
that an access shaft is required, in addition to the
working chamber.
2.22 Degreasing - The
process
of removing
greases and oils from sewage, waste sludge or
garbage.
2.23 Depth of manhole - The vertical distance
from the top of the manhole cover to the outgoing
invert of the main drain channel.
2.24
pipe. Diameter-The nominal diameter of a 2.25 Direct Tap - A tap which is connected to a
supply pipe and subject to water pressure from
the water main.
7 SP : 35(55&T)-1987
2.26
Downtake
system of piping
water main. Tap-- A tap connected
to a
not subject to pressure from the 2.27 Drainage ~- ‘The removal of any liquid by a
system constructed
for the purpose.
2.28 Dry Vent
Any vent that does not carry
water or water-borne
waste.
2.29 Dwelling provision
arranged Unit_ one or mOre rOOmS with for living, sanitary and sleeping facilities
for the use of one family. 2.30
Existing
Buidling or Use - A building.
structure or its use before the commencement
of
the Code and which does not conform to the
Code.
2.31
Fixture
Branch ~~~In -a
water
supply
system. the water supply pipe between the fixture
supply pipe and the water distributing
pipe.
2.32 Fixture Drain ~~The drain from the trap of
a fixture to the junction
of that drain with an)’
other drain pipe.
2.33 Fixture
Supply ~~ A water supply
pipe
connecting
the fixture with the fixture branch.
2.34 Fixture lJnit - A quantity
in
which the load producing effects on the
system of different kinds of plumbing
exprrssed
on some arbitrarily
chosen terms of
plumbing
fixtures is
scale. 2.35
Fixture
CJnit Flow
Rate-- The total
discharge flow in cubic feet per minute of a single
fixture
which provides
the flow rate of that
particular
plumbing
fixture as a unit of flow.
Fixtures are rated as multiples of this unit of flow.
2.36 Flooded ~~ A fixture is flooded when the
liquid therein
rises to the flood level rim or
overflows on to the floor.
2.37 Fresh Air Inlet ~-- A connection
drainage system to permit the circulation
through the system.
2.38 Geyser
with a water
outlet. to the
of air An appliance for heating of water
control on the inlet side and free 2.39 Gulley Trap ~~~A fitment with a trap and a
screen through which the discharge from an open
drain is taken to a sewer.
2.40
Horizontal
Branch - A branch
drain
extending
laterally from a soil or a waste stack.
leader, house drain or house storm drain with or
without
vertical
sections
or branches,
which
receives the discharge from one or more fixture
drains or plain water inlets and conducts it to the
soil or waste stack or to the house drain or the
house storm drain.
2.41 Horizontal Pipe ~ Any pipe which makes
an angle of more than 45” with the vertical.
2.42 House Drain
That part of the lowest
horizontal
piping of a building drainage syste$,
8 including the horizontal branch from the base of a
stack connected
to the main house drain which
receives the discharge from soil, waste or other
drainage pipes in th> building and conveys it to
the existing lateral, main sewer, cesspool or septic
tank.
2.43 House Storm Drain -~ A drain used for
conveying
rain water, ground water, subsurface
water,
condensate,
C,OOllng Water 0’. shilat’
discharge to the existing lateral or mam sewer.
2.44 Individual Vent ~~ A pipe installed to vent
a fixture trap and which cdnnects with the vent
system above the fixture served or terminates in
the open air.
2.45 Industrial Wastes - Liquid wastes resulting
from
the processes
employed
in industrial
establishments
and are free of faecal matter.
2.46 Junction Pipe ~~ A pipe incorporating
or more branches. one 2.47
Leader
(Downspout)
The
water
conductor
from the roof or gutter drain to the
house storm drain or other piping serving as a
storm drain
including
but not limited to a
‘downspout’
or a ‘rain water conductor’.
2.48
Main
Sewer ~~ Any
sewer
maintained
by the public authority. owned or 2.49 Minor
Repairs ~-The repairing
of an
existing
plumbing
fixture,
including
the
replacement of faucets or valves or parts thereof.
2.50
Plinth ~~ The
portion
of a structure
between the surface of the surrounding
ground
and surface of the floor immediately
above the
ground.
2.51 Plumbing
Fixtures
Installed receptacles.
devices or appliances
which are supplied pith
water or which receive or discharge liquids or
other
liquid-borne
wastes
with or without
discharge into the drainage
system with which
they may be directly or indirectI\, connected.
2.52 Residual Head ~ The head available at any
particular
point in the distribution
system.
2.53 Return Offset
A double offset installed
so as to return the pipe to its original alignment.
2.54 Rim---The
fixture. unobstructed open edge of a 2.55 Riser ~ A water supply pipe which extends
vertically one full storey or more to convey water
to branches or fixtures.
2.56 Roof Drain - A drain installed to receive
water collecting on the surface of a roof and to
discharge it into the leader (downspout).
2.57 Roughing-in -- The installation
of all parts
of the plumbing system which can be completed
prior to the installation
of the fixtures.
This
includes drainage, water supply and vent piping.
and the necessary fixture supports.
HA&QBpOK ON WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE SP : 35(S&T)-1987
2.58 Sanitary Sewer - A sewer which carries
sewage and to which storm, surface and ground
waters are not intentionally
admitted. 2.76
a) 2.59 Sewer, Branch - A sewer which receives
sewage from a relatively small area and discharges
into a main sewer.
tzter.Sewer,
. Building - 2.61 Sewer,
Storm Sewer. Building See Buildirig Storm - (House) See Building b) 2.62 Sewer, Combined - A sewer receiving both
surface run-off and sewage.
2.63 Sewer, Common-A
sewer in which all
owners of abutting
properties have equal rights.
2.64 Sewer, Main-See Main Sewer. c) 2.65 Sewer, Private - A sewer privately
and used by one or more properties.
2.66 Sewer, Sanitary - See Sanitary owned Sewer. 2.67 Sewer, Storm - A sewer which carries
storm water and surface water. street wash and
other wash waters or drainage
but excludes
sewage and industrial
wastes.
2.68 Soil Waste-The
discharge
closets, urintils, slop sinks, stable
gullies and similar appliances.
2.69 Stack -The
vertical
s...
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