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324Lecture9 muscle - changes in environment(stimuli b...

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Nerve Tissue & The Nervous System
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Nervous Tissue Ectodermal in origin; Neurulation Formation of neural tube and neural crest. Cell Types: a) Neurons - CNS and PNS b) Ependyma - CNS c) Neuroglia - CNS d) Schwann Cells - PNS
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Neurulation
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Nerve Cell Origins A) Neural Tube: 1) Matrix Layer - matrix cells become ependymal -> neural tube lining cells 2) Mantle Layer – migrate from matrix a) Glioblasts Astroblasts -> Astrocytes Oligodendroblasts -> Oligodendrocytes b) Neuroblasts -> neurons 3) Marginal Layer - mantle neuron cell bodies form gray matter while their axons migrate out into an outer Marginal layer forming white matter of CNS.
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Nerve Cell Origins B) CNS CT forms Microglia cells. C) Neural Crest: - PNS and other structures 1) Chromaffin Cells 2) Schwann Cells 3) Melanocytes 4) Odontoblasts
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Neurons Nerve cells are capable of depolarization (Excitable) Function in impulse formation, transfer, interpretation. Neurons form functional links (circuits) a) afferent = sensory neuron that respond to
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Unformatted text preview: changes in environment (stimuli) b) interneurons = connector neurons c) efferent = motor neuron (response) Neuron Cell Body with nucleus = Perikaryon Cell Body - cytoplasm has prominent numbers of basophilic granules (ribosomes and ER) = Nissl's Bodies Usually two kinds of fibrous processes - dendrite and axon. Dendrite a) non-myelinated, b) brings impulse to NCB, c) contains microtubules. Axon a) myelinated, b) takes impulse from NCB, c) contains microfilaments. Neuron Morphology Several levels of neuron organization: a) apolar - modified neurons with no fibrous process, unique to Pineal gland and Adrenal medulla. b) unipolar (pseudounipolar) - one axon, no dendrite, PNS afferent. c) bipolar - one axon and one dendrite; special neuron types; retina of eye; olfactory neuron. d) multipolar; one axon and many dendrites; CNS efferent and afferent; PNS Efferents. • ....
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