Unformatted text preview: 1/15/12 Ecolog of disease & nutrition ECOLOGY OF DISEASE & NUTRITION
In od c ion
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1/8 1/15/12 He e
de Ecolog of disease & nutrition g e (H H ) ha e " ic e ce trait" -- a
h i gica
e
f
e id Ye H a e e f e ec i 30-40% i a ch e e eei
ai ( W. Af ica S ch high ge e f e e cie c d
be ai ai ed b
e ec i i fa
f he e
g e , c ea i g ha
ai
hi "
I
i fec i ai e, i a i e i de
i he e g e) g, c
i e ,a d
g- e
ge e ici
ca a "ba a ced ha he "ba a ce" i d e fac ha he e
g e ha e
e ae
, a d 2) a a i a
a i if i fec ed, c
a ed "
a " (H H ) f 1) a a ia I fac , die ha e e ea ed ha , beca e he e
g e ha e highe e d c i e cce
ha
ai
a a ia-i fe ed a ea , he di ib i
f H ge e c e
a che egi
f e de i c
a a i a = b ad ba d ac
S b-Saha a Af ica (a e a a ea i E. Medi e a ea , a
f
S . A ia, e c.)
I W. Af ica,
(i.e., i
i a a ia i a
i ed b A nophel es
, hich a e c
i ai
ea i e , hich b eed be
) S i dde ag i c
e i c ea e c ea ed a ea , a d h
i di ec i c ea i g he i cide ce f a a ia
S
ei he b eedi g habi a f Anopheles, he eb i g hi ec gica h
he i i fac ha a ea ithout idde ag ic
ea
i i a ha e ig ifica
e i cide ce f a a ia S i dde ag i c
e+
e ad e
ch f ce
Re i c ea ed a ea -c
c
ea
ed B a
a Af ica, e aci g f age i c ded a e e d De e
ai
ea
di ea e (i.e., e ch ica ai e
i i c ea e (de e a id a
e e i he i i e ai e (a e h i g i ic g
f e a ea
fc i gi he h
he i ha
e de i c a a i a Thi h
he i a fi e ab a ed b a h
e ide i gi S e he Wie e fe d
U i ga a
i
gc
ag i c
e): i dde ag i c
gi ) bec e a endem i c Fa Li i g e i i : b c ea i g
a i de i ( h
g e ec i e, a d he f e ed b e f 60 W. Af ica
cie ie , Wie e fe d f
d ha he f e e c f ic e-ce
e a ed i h deg ee f de e de ce
ag i c
e (e ecia
i dde / Median % of
courses.washington.edu/anth457/disease.htm ie ) Th , he e a e
a i hich idde ag ic. i c ea e
a a ia a
e b eedi g habi a f Anopheles ec , a d b i c ea i g h a
i c ea i g he a
ii
a e be ee h a h
)
Thi e f b e a i
ed
ic e-ce ge e a ada a i he ie ) a a i a, a f eb ai No. of ocie ie
2/8 1/15/12 Ecolog of disease & nutrition Agricultural dependence hetero gotes
0% 13 36-55 6 16 56-75
> 75 12
20 27
4 35% The e da a
i de
f he ic e-ce ge e g h he i i ig a a i a, i dde ag i c e, a d e i We ca ie hi a he
c e fac e
i a i e ac i be ee h a
ai
ad
he a a ia a a i e: he
ead f ag ic. a ada i e (i c ea ed h a ca i g ca aci i
ica f e ), b i a
i c ea ed a a ia (a
i e ded a d
bab
e cei ed
c
e e ce); h a ada ed ( ia a a e ec i
ge e i c a i a i )
hi a e ed ada i e
i ai
i h a a ed i c ea e i he f e e c f he i e de e e i
ge e (H )
Thi c -e
ia
be ee e i a ce ce a a e
e ai
a a ia a d he de e e i he e
effec S ecifica , he fac ha he e
g e ha e a i
ig ifica f ac i
f he
a i i e c ded f i f he H ge e; b
f ic e-ce ge e i fi e i
a a i a a ea
he e be efi he ade- ff
e e eec
ea ha a Th , f e a
e, he e e
he e
ge
a e, Me de ia i he i a ce ea
ha
a e age 1/4 f hei ff i g i be h
g
f
a he g bi ( h
e ab e
a a ia i fec i , hich i f e fa a ) a d a he 1/4 i be h
g
f H (h
ffe i g
ee
e fa e f ic e-ce a e ia)
Thi i a e high ice af he a a ia e i a ce aff ded b H H e e,
ei
i g i g e i d e ce g g e
ha c
a ada a i
a ha e ed
ed c i
f
he c
f he ge e ic ada a i , h gh e a he ade- ff be ee
i i a d di ea e
Yams, Malaria, and Harvest Festivals
"Ya Be " f b-Saha a Af ica = a ea f e de ic a a ia O e 100 diffe e e h i g i ic g
f
d he e, diffe i g g ea
a d ci
i ica ga i a i ( i age- e e
a i gd
)
O ec
ha e
I ai
fa i i c h i i g i ic affi ia i gh ha di e i : i a a d be ief di g c i a i a ic a , a
ag
he e ce eb a e a a
a ha e ce e
hich i
eceded f
e e a ee b a c
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ac Be ief a , b a ha e
ha
i befa he
P hibi i e i d de e i
i ed b courses.washington.edu/anth457/disease.htm ha if
ie e e i ae he (Ne Ya
i eha e chief each ea ; fa i ai ab a
ea ,c e, ad Fe i a ),
ea i g, g ea , i e f ea i e
3/8 1/15/12 Ecolog of disease & nutrition ; J P -O - no , R (Anophele O N Y F )
" " , ;
( = 0.82, < .01), W ?O Y =
- E H - , C ( , )
T , - ( ) - ,
, HH I ,
, , ,
- ,
( )
I , - "coe ol ion" :
1) C /
RS 2) B co ( ) 3) E = 4) B , 1/4
1/4 (H H 5) Y courses.washington.edu/anth457/disease.htm - : (H H ) - )
"
) - " - ( 4/8 1/15/12 Ecolog of disease & nutrition 6) B
ince he e benefi of am ma al o inc ea e chance of mala ial an mi ion, aboo on
hei con mp ion d ing heigh of mala ial ea on ma fine- ne he adap a ion e en f he
Thi e ample ill
ae
n i ion and di ea e he in icac of connec ion be een c l e and biolog , and be een Mai e Processing in New World
Yam a e pa of a idden-ba ed em foc ed on oo c op Ho e e , he majo ag ic l al ci ili a ion a e ba ed on ce eal g ain , dome ica ed in 4 diffe en
egion : 1) hea = Middle Ea ; 2) ice = A ia; 3) mai e = Me oAme ica; 4) mille = W. Af ica
Mai e (a.k.a. "co n") = lea n i ionall balanced of ce eal aple , e came o be
Ne Wo ld ocie ie , incl ding empi e of Ma an , A ec , and o he aple of man Mai e i deficien in 2 e en ial amino acid (l ine and p ophan), a ell a in niacin (a B
i amin); ho age of amino acid co ld ca e p o ein deficienc , hile niacin deficienc ca e
pellag a
One a of ed cing hi p oblem = "complemen a
mo meal (e.g., o illa con f ijole )
Ano he a in ol e a io
lime one, ood a h...) c i ine" -- i.e., combining mai e i h bean in adi ional me hod of mai e p epa a ion ia alkali p oce ing ( ing Na i e e plana ion fo p oce ing a : of en ke nel (making hem ea ie o g ind), imp o e
a e (po -g inding p oce ing), e c.
N i ioni
di co e ed ha alkali p oce ing al o do ble a ailable l ine and
inc ea e niacin -- h , make mai e m ch mo e n i io p ophan, An h opologi Solomon Ka e amined ample 39 of Ame indian ocie ie , fo nd ha alkali
p oce ing co ela ed i h impo ance of mai e in adi ional die , ch ha all ocie ie he e
mai e = aple engage in ch p oce ing, mo
he e mai e i of mode a e impo ance do o,
b almo no ocie ie he e mai e i of mino impo ance bo he i h p oce ing [see
GRAPH]
The e da a ppo h po he i ha p oce ing i mo e likel o occ j
he e i o l d ha e
g ea e n i ional benefi , and hence adap i e al e (inc ea ed g o h, e i ance o di ea e,
e c.)
Th , mai e-p oce ing ca e again ho in ica e adap i e ela ion hip be een ph iolog
(n i ion), ecolog ( b i ence ba e), and c l e (p oce ing echnolog , food p od c ion
em, c l all -p e c ibed c i ine)
Ho migh hi ela ion hip be een ph iolog , ecolog , and c l Unlikel o ha e been h o gh con cio
courses.washington.edu/anth457/disease.htm e ha e e ol ed? choice:
5/8 1/15/12 Ecolog of disease & nutrition 1) N
2) E :
, 10%
,
' H ,
) ( . .,
, (
A ( , T - ), ) , ,
( 74 , 1500 10% ,
1000) , T
, " "( -" , )
"( )
(W ' ?P ,
; )
Lac o e Ab o p ion
L ,
,
E M
T
N N
N .A
D O Y P
E N E -, A
M" "E N M" "Y
= E I , ' 1965 ,
, T
" A !
, (
"( ) ) A (
, (
courses.washington.edu/anth457/disease.htm )
,
)
6/8 1/15/12 Ecolog of disease & nutrition ea i g
Wi h
e i de ac a e,
ch f he
(fe e a i e dia hea P e e / ac a e a e e
he e ed " ac e ab ii a c e
fii
ca
, ga , e c.) a ai ab e, a d ac ed " ac e a ab be " (ea i ide ified b
be " (LA f
h) M
ha
ai
ca be c a ified a ei he c
i i g i ai
LA a
g ad )
f ab be (ad LA = 90-100%), b he e a e
i e edi a e a e f LA
W d i de di ib i f LA he eh f gNa dWE 2) High LA a g a fe Af ica , Midea , a d Medi e a ea 4) L
ad edi a e LA a
i ed a ce g e e a ce i a da d c i ica e ); f a ab
e be
ai (0-20%
ih : 1) High LA a 3) I e
ece ea ig ae ei a d hei de ce da ai LA a
g a i di ge
ai
ch f Medi e a ea a d Nea Ea ai i O d a d Ne W d, h e ih f A e ica , Ocea ia, E a d SE A ia, Th ,
"Thi d W d"
ai
= a ab be , hich h d e ai h i
e ief hi e
fe e d
bei g ed f
hi e a hi g a , di ca ded af e e
i
a e c fi ed b dia hea
Si ce he e
i he e... a be a de e e ai he ac e ab i i e i ca , I' de i
ii
a e ______________________
So rces:
D ha , Wi ia H. (1983) Te i g he a a ia h
he i i We Af ica. I Distribution and
Evolution of Hem oglobin and Globin Loci. Ne Y : E e ie Scie ce P b i hi g C ., I c.
D ha , Wi ia H. (1991) Coevolution: Genes, Culture, and Hum an Diversit . S a f d:
Sa f dU i e i Pe .
Ka , S.H., M.L. Hedige a d L.A. Va e
W d. Science 184: 765-73. (1974) T adi i a ai e ce i gi he Ne Ka , S.H., M.L. Hed ge , a d L.A. Va e
(1975) The a h
g i ca a d
i i a ig ifica ce
f adi i a ai e
ce i g ech i e i he Ne W d. I Biosocial Interrelations and
Population Adaptation, ed. E.S. Wa , F.E. J h
, a d G.W.
McC ac e , R be D. (1971) Lac a e deficie c : a e a
Anthropolog 12: 479-517.
courses.washington.edu/anth457/disease.htm e f di e a e i . Current
7/8 1/15/12 Ecolog of disease & nutrition Wie enfeld, S ephen L. (1967) Sickle-cell ai in h man biological and c l
157: 1134-40. courses.washington.edu/anth457/disease.htm al e ol ion. Scie ce 8/8 ...
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