5.1_ Anatomy of the Muscular System_ Introduction & Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Trunk_ Essential

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5.1: Anatomy of the Muscular
System: Introduction & Muscles of
the Head, Neck, and Trunk
Notice: To optimize your learning in this course, we advise that you complete the
labs and modules as indicated in the BIOD 151 Lab Schedule.
The muscular system and the skeletal system work together to provide movement
for the human body. Muscle tissue is found in three distinct types in the body;
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscles must have a blood and nervous
supply to provide movement. Skeletal muscles are under conscious control ,
meaning that a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an
action. Communication within the body to coordinate movement starts in the brain
with a message that is sent through the spinal cord and eventually attaches to a
muscle. Peripheral nerves carry the signal from the central nervous system (brain
and spinal cord) to a specific muscle destination to provide movement. Messages
from the central nervous system to a muscle are called motor actions. Nerves also
carry information from the external environment to the central nervous system,
called sensation or sensory input (see Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2 ). Spinal nerves
combine to form complex networks of peripheral nerves throughout the body.

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Figure 5.1 Posterior view of the nervous system. The brain and spinal cord
(central nervous system) connect to the peripheral nervous system. Examples of
peripheral nerves are spinal nerves (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), the upper trunk
of the brachial plexus, and the radial nerve.

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Figure 5.2 Peripheral nerves carry the communication from the central nervous
system (brain and spinal cord) to the muscle. Peripheral nerves also carry
information from the environment to the central nervous system.
Tendons are connective tissues that connect skeletal muscle to bone at each end
(see Figure 5.3 ). Tendons are flexible, can bend at the joints, and help cushion
against sudden movement. Ligaments are connective tissue that connects bone to
bone, helping to stabilize joints where bones meet.

8/20/2020 5.1: Anatomy of the Muscular System: Introduction & Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Trunk: Essential Human Anatomy and Physiology I…