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diseases - disease 2 Glomerulonephritis Ag-Ab complexes...

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1/01 UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INFECTIONS Streptococcus species Gram pos. cocci, chains Three groups: 1) Beta hemolytic - most virulent 2) Alpha hemolytic - opportunists 3) Gamma hemolytic - nonhemolytic, nonpathogenic Streptococcal Pharyngitis ("Strep throat") - Streptococcus pyogenes Virulence: Encapsulated, M-proteins in cell walls, leukocidins, beta-hemolysins, streptokinase, hyaluronidase Transmission: URT secretions - droplet nuclei (adult carriers) P/E: Nasopharynx Disease: Localizes on m.m. tonsils, pharynx → secretes enzymes → inflammation. M.m. become red, swollen, purulent exudate (pus), hemorragic patches, high fever, pain, enlarged lymph nodes. Identification: Hemorragic patches, purulent exudate, throat swab. Complications: 1) Rheumatic fever - antibodies cross react with tissues of heart, joints - autoimmune
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Unformatted text preview: disease 2) Glomerulonephritis - Ag-Ab complexes filtered out in kidneys → damage kidney (glomerular capillaries) - autoimmune disease Immunity: None Scarlet fever - S. pyogenes Virulence: Erythrogenic exotoxin (due to lysogenic prophage → lysogenic conversion); also see virulent characteristics above Transmission: Droplet nuclei P/E: Nasopharynx, oral cavity Disease: Onset identical to “strep throat”. Exotoxin produced → blood stream → skin. Causes red rash on face, neck → chest, abdomen → extremities. Bright red tongue ("Strawberry" tongue) appears before rash. Skin peels, fever, chills, vomiting. Complications: Rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis (autoimmune diseases) Immunity: Ab develop to exotoxin but not to organism 1...
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