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Neuroscience and BehaviorHistory of the Mind:Phrenology- In 1800, Franz Gall suggested that bumps of the skull represented mental abilities. His theory, though incorrect, nevertheless proposed different mental abilities were modular.Neural Communication:The body’s information system is built from billions of interconnected cells called neurons.Neuron- a nerve cell or a neuron consists of many different parts.Dendrite- responsible for receiving messages from other neurons (feelers)Axon- passes the message on to the next neuron (extends away from the cell body)Myelin Sheath- cylindrical cover over the axon that helps speed up the delivery of the messageAction Potential- it is a neural impulse. A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon generated by the movement positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane.Action Potential Properties:All or None Response:When depolarizing current exceeds the threshold a neuron will fire, and below threshold it will not. Intensityof an action potential remains the same, throughout the length of the axon.Synapse:a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. This tiny gap is called the synaptic gap, or synaptic cleft.Neurotransmitters:chemical transmitters released from the sending neuron, travel across the synapse and bind to the receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing it to generate an action potential.