04_classes_II - CSCI-1200 Data Structures Fall 2010 Lecture...

CSCI-1200 Data Structures — Fall 2010
Lecture 4 — Classes II: Sort, Non-member Operators
Review from Lecture 3
• C++ classes, member variables and member functions, class scope, public and private
• Nuances to remember
– Within class scope (within the code of a member function) member variables and member functions of
that class may be accessed without providing the name of the class object.
– Within a member function, when an object of the same class type has been passed as an argument, direct
access to the private member variables of that object is allowed (using the ’.’ notation).
• Classes vs. structs
• Designing classes
Today’s Lecture
• Extended example of student grading program
• Passing comparison functions to sort
• Non-member operators
4.1 Example: Student Grades
Our goal is to write a program that calculates the grades for students in a class and outputs the students and their
averages in alphabetical order. The program source code is broken into three parts:
• Re-use of statistics code that we wrote in Lecture 2.
• Class Student to record information about each student, including name and grades, and to calculate averages.
• The main function controls the overall flow, including input, calculation of grades, and output.
// File: main_student.cpp
// Purpose: Compute student averages and output them alphabetically.
#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include "student.h"
unsigned int max(unsigned int x, unsigned int y) {
return x>y ? x : y;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
if (argc != 3) {
std::cerr << "Usage:\n " << argv[0] << " infile-students outfile-grades\n";
return 1;
}
std::ifstream in_str(argv[1]);
if (!in_str) {
std::cerr << "Could not open " << argv[1] << " to read\n";
return 1;
}
std::ofstream out_str(argv[2]);
if (!out_str) {
std::cerr << "Could not open " << argv[2] << " to write\n";
return 1;
}

int num_homeworks, num_tests;
double hw_weight;
in_str >> num_homeworks >> num_tests >> hw_weight;
std::vector<Student> students;
Student one_student;
// Read the students, one at a time.
while(one_student.read(in_str, num_homeworks, num_tests)) {
students.push_back(one_student);
}
// Compute the averages. At the same time, determine the maximum name length.
unsigned int i;
unsigned int max_length = 0;
for (i=0; i<students.size(); ++i) {
students[i].compute_averages(hw_weight);
max_length = max(max_length, students[i].first_name().size() + students[i].last_name().size());
}
max_length += 2; // account for the output padding with ", "
// Sort the students alphabetically by name.
std::sort(students.begin(), students.end(), less_names);
// Output a header...
out_str << "\nHere are the student semester averages\n";
const std::string header = "Name" + std::string(max_length-4, ’ ’) + " HW Test Final";
const std::string underline(header.size(), ’-’);
out_str << header << ’\n’ << underline << std::endl;
// Output the students...
for (i=0; i<students.size(); ++i) {
unsigned int length = students[i].last_name().size() +
students[i].first_name().size() + 2;
students[i].output_name(out_str);
out_str << std::string(max_length - length, ’ ’) << " ";
students[i].output_averages(out_str);
}
return 0; // everything fine
}
4.2 Declaration of Class Student
• Stores names, id numbers, scores and averages. The scores are stored using a vector! Member variables of a