Unformatted text preview: Motivation 2
Motivation
Theories of Motivation Process Theories process by
which internal factors
and cognitions influence
motivation
motivation Identify the
Identify Expectancy Theory Goal Setting Theory Equity Theory Psychological
Empowerment
Empowerment Content Theories Identify internal factors
Identify influencing motivation
influencing Maslow’s Need
Need
Hierarchy
Hierarchy
Alderfer’s ERG
McClelland’s Need
Herzberg’s MotivatorHygiene
Hygiene 1 Psychological Empowerment
Psychological Psychological empowerment is a set of
psychological states that are necessary for
individuals to feel a sense of control in
to their work.
to relation 2 Psychological Empowerment
Psychological Dimensions of psychological
Dimensions
empowerment
empowerment
Four cognitive task assessments Meaningfulness captures the value of a work goal or
purpose, relative to a person’s own ideals and passions.
purpose,
Self-determination reflects a sense of choice in the
initiation and continuation of work tasks.
initiation
Competence captures a person’s belief in his or her
capability to perform work tasks successfully.
capability
Impact reflects the sense that a person’s actions “make a
difference” in important outcomes.
difference” Learned helplessness
3 Conceptual Model of
Conceptual
Psychological Empowerment 4 Equity Theory Equity theory acknowledges that
motivation doesn’t just depend on your own
beliefs and circumstances but also on what
happens to other people.
other Employees create a “mental ledger” of the
Employees
outcomes (or rewards) they get from their job
duties.
duties. 5 Three
Three
Possible
Outcomes of
Outcomes
Equity Theory
Comparisons 6 Equity Theory, Cont’d
Equity You compare your ratio of outcomes and
You
inputs to the ratio of some
comparison
other — some person who seems to provide an
other
intuitive frame of reference for judging
equity.
equity.
“Cognitive calculus” Ratio of outcomes to inputs is balanced between
Ratio
you and your comparison other.
you
7 Equity Theory, Cont’d
Equity “Cognitive calculus,” cont’d Your ratio of outcomes to inputs is less
Your
your comparison other’s ratio.
your than Any imbalance in ratios triggers equity distress —an
Any
equity
internal tension that can only be alleviated by restoring
balance to the ratios.
balance Your ratio of outcomes to inputs is greater than
Your
your comparison other’s ratio.
your Change your comparison other. 8 A Motivating Story
Motivating Autistic Basketball Player http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6cOp6EDFlI&feat People may feel that they should live and
People
work harder. Why?
work 9 Theories of Motivation
Theories Process Theories
process by
which internal factors
and cognitions influence
motivation
motivation Identify the
Identify Expectancy Theory Goal Setting Theory Equity Theory Psychological
Empowerment
Empowerment Content Theories Identify internal factors
Identify influencing motivation
influencing Maslow’s Need
Need
Hierarchy
Hierarchy
Alderfer’s ERG
McClelland’s Need
Herzberg’s MotivatorHygiene
Hygiene 10 Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory What are the managerial implications of this
What
theory?
theory?
11 Alderfer’s ERG Theory Existence Desire for physiological and materialistic wellbeing
Relatedness Desire to have meaningful relationships with
significant others
significant
Growth Desire to grow and use one’s abilities to their
abilities
fullest potential
fullest
How does this theory work? Independence
Frustration-regression What are the managerial implications?
12 McClelland’s Need Theory Need for Achievement Need for Affiliation Desire to accomplish something difficult
something
To do this as rapidly and as independently as possible
Desire to spend time in social relationships and
Desire
activities
activities Need for Power Desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to
Desire
achieve
achieve 13 Herzberg’s
Herzberg’s
Motivator-Hygiene Model
Motivator-Hygiene Basic premise: Job satisfaction is not a
Basic
continuum from satisfied to dissatisfied
continuum Rather, there are two continuums
No Satisfaction …… Satisfaction
No
…… Dissatisfaction ……No dissatisfaction
Dissatisfaction …… 14 Herzberg’s
Herzberg’s
Motivator-Hygiene Theory
Motivator-Hygiene Hygiene Factors: job characteristics associated
Hygiene
with job dissatisfaction
with Salary Supervisory relations Working conditions
Motivators: job contents associated with job
Motivators:
satisfaction
satisfaction Achievement Recognition Responsibility 15 Comparison of Content Theories
Comparison
of Motivation
of
Needs Hierarchy
Theory ERG
Theory McClelland’s
Learned Needs Motivator--Hygiene
Theory 16 Video Case: The Container Store
1. Using ERG theory, explain how the Container Store satisfies
1.
the needs of its employees.
the
2. How are workers at the Container Store motivated? Find three other motivation theories applied in the Container store and
Find
provide one example for each motivation theory
provide Expectancy theory
Goal setting theory
Psychological empowerment
Equity theory Discuss with your group members and summarize your
Discuss
discussion in a 1-page paper.
discussion
Submit with group # and participating group
members.
Submit
17 ...
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- Fall '08
- ERICALANTHONY
- equity theory
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