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Unformatted text preview: Motivation 2 Motivation Theories of Motivation Process Theories process by which internal factors and cognitions influence motivation motivation Identify the Identify Expectancy Theory Goal Setting Theory Equity Theory Psychological Empowerment Empowerment Content Theories Identify internal factors Identify influencing motivation influencing Maslow’s Need Need Hierarchy Hierarchy Alderfer’s ERG McClelland’s Need Herzberg’s MotivatorHygiene Hygiene 1 Psychological Empowerment Psychological Psychological empowerment is a set of psychological states that are necessary for individuals to feel a sense of control in to their work. to relation 2 Psychological Empowerment Psychological Dimensions of psychological Dimensions empowerment empowerment Four cognitive task assessments Meaningfulness captures the value of a work goal or purpose, relative to a person’s own ideals and passions. purpose, Self-determination reflects a sense of choice in the initiation and continuation of work tasks. initiation Competence captures a person’s belief in his or her capability to perform work tasks successfully. capability Impact reflects the sense that a person’s actions “make a difference” in important outcomes. difference” Learned helplessness 3 Conceptual Model of Conceptual Psychological Empowerment 4 Equity Theory Equity theory acknowledges that motivation doesn’t just depend on your own beliefs and circumstances but also on what happens to other people. other Employees create a “mental ledger” of the Employees outcomes (or rewards) they get from their job duties. duties. 5 Three Three Possible Outcomes of Outcomes Equity Theory Comparisons 6 Equity Theory, Cont’d Equity You compare your ratio of outcomes and You inputs to the ratio of some comparison other — some person who seems to provide an other intuitive frame of reference for judging equity. equity. “Cognitive calculus” Ratio of outcomes to inputs is balanced between Ratio you and your comparison other. you 7 Equity Theory, Cont’d Equity “Cognitive calculus,” cont’d Your ratio of outcomes to inputs is less Your your comparison other’s ratio. your than Any imbalance in ratios triggers equity distress —an Any equity internal tension that can only be alleviated by restoring balance to the ratios. balance Your ratio of outcomes to inputs is greater than Your your comparison other’s ratio. your Change your comparison other. 8 A Motivating Story Motivating Autistic Basketball Player http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6cOp6EDFlI&feat People may feel that they should live and People work harder. Why? work 9 Theories of Motivation Theories Process Theories process by which internal factors and cognitions influence motivation motivation Identify the Identify Expectancy Theory Goal Setting Theory Equity Theory Psychological Empowerment Empowerment Content Theories Identify internal factors Identify influencing motivation influencing Maslow’s Need Need Hierarchy Hierarchy Alderfer’s ERG McClelland’s Need Herzberg’s MotivatorHygiene Hygiene 10 Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory What are the managerial implications of this What theory? theory? 11 Alderfer’s ERG Theory Existence Desire for physiological and materialistic wellbeing Relatedness Desire to have meaningful relationships with significant others significant Growth Desire to grow and use one’s abilities to their abilities fullest potential fullest How does this theory work? Independence Frustration-regression What are the managerial implications? 12 McClelland’s Need Theory Need for Achievement Need for Affiliation Desire to accomplish something difficult something To do this as rapidly and as independently as possible Desire to spend time in social relationships and Desire activities activities Need for Power Desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to Desire achieve achieve 13 Herzberg’s Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Model Motivator-Hygiene Basic premise: Job satisfaction is not a Basic continuum from satisfied to dissatisfied continuum Rather, there are two continuums No Satisfaction …… Satisfaction No …… Dissatisfaction ……No dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction …… 14 Herzberg’s Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Theory Motivator-Hygiene Hygiene Factors: job characteristics associated Hygiene with job dissatisfaction with Salary Supervisory relations Working conditions Motivators: job contents associated with job Motivators: satisfaction satisfaction Achievement Recognition Responsibility 15 Comparison of Content Theories Comparison of Motivation of Needs Hierarchy Theory ERG Theory McClelland’s Learned Needs Motivator--Hygiene Theory 16 Video Case: The Container Store 1. Using ERG theory, explain how the Container Store satisfies 1. the needs of its employees. the 2. How are workers at the Container Store motivated? Find three other motivation theories applied in the Container store and Find provide one example for each motivation theory provide Expectancy theory Goal setting theory Psychological empowerment Equity theory Discuss with your group members and summarize your Discuss discussion in a 1-page paper. discussion Submit with group # and participating group members. Submit 17 ...
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