INTS Final Study Guide
1)
Thomas Friedman
a.
Golden Straitjacket- once a country recognizes and accepts that the only possible
route to economic success in this world is free market capitalism, it puts on the
Golden Straitjacket
individual countries must sacrifice some degree of economic
sovereignty to global institutions (such as markets, TNCs)
a.i.
Started by Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan to create economic
incentive, growth
a.ii.
Enlarging the private sector, minimizing government intervention, low
inflation and taxes, no tariffs or trade restrictions, general deregulation
a.iii.
The problem is that the one-size-fits-all Straitjacket squeezes some/doesn’t
fit others; it does allow average income and economic growth to increase
but greatly minimizes political choice and freedoms
a.iv.
Also gave rise to the Electronic Herd- the growing number of faceless
traders and MNC’s who are quickly replacing governments as the major
sources of capital and determinants of the economy
b.
Lexus and the Olive Tree-
b.i.
Lexus- globalization, development, drive for modernity, technological
improvement
b.ii.
Olive tree- traditional customs, individual culture, national identity
b.iii.
They must be in harmony for a society to thrive; ex. Native village in
Brazil which uses transnational NGO money to support it’s crucial
ecosystems and has a Bath and Body Shop in the rural village
2)
Ideology
a.
Definition- a set of
ideas
that can be thought of as a comprehensive vision, a
worldview
, a common sense, or be proposed by the dominant class of a society to
all members of this society; systems of abstract thought applied to public matters
b.
The End of Ideology- debate more than 40 years ago in Western countries started
by a book by sociologist Daniel Bell, said that ideological politics had ended
because of the end of both Marxist socialism and classic liberalism
people gave
up on the idea of achieving utopia with either ideology (not true as seen in Cold
War 70s and 80s)
c.
Steger: First level of an ideology is distortion (production of contorted images of
reality), then legitimation (claim by ruling authority to an ideology and belief of
subjects in that claim), then integration (gives society stability by creating,
preserving, and protecting social roles)
d.
Rhetoric and hegemony
3)
Globalism- referred to by Steger as the “dominant political ideology of our time”, a
neoliberal market ideology endowing globalization with certain values, and meanings;
different from the
material
process
of globalization
a.
Market globalism- ideology supporting a consumerist, free market liberalist
world; considers globalization universally beneficial and inevitable
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b.
Justice globalism- political ideas associated with the social alliances and political
actors in the social justice movement; desires a new world order based on
redistribution of wealth and power
c.
Jihadist globalism- response to Western modernization and the supposed
materialistic assault by a secular, liberal world
4)
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