Unformatted text preview: SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
GROUP 3 JEZREEL CARDINALES
KENNETH IVAN RAMOS
JONATHANALLEN MARL SIBAYAN
LUKE HAROLD TIMAJO
SHAIRA ELAISA CRUZ
NOLI MACADANGDANG
KYRIE RARANG CHAPTER 6 Stratification
LESSON 21 IS THE STRUCTURED AND
HIERARCHICAL RANKING OF
INDIVIDUALS BASED ON THEIR
FAMILY, OCCUPATION, INCOME,
WEALTH, AND
(SOCIAL/POLITICAL) POWER. FOR SOCIOLOGISTS, IT IS THE
PATTERNED INEQUALITY THAT IS
DUE TO THE UNEQUAL ACCESS TO
WEALTH, PRIVILEGE, AND POWER. STRATIFICATION EQUALITY VS. EQUITY
SIMPLY PUT EQUALITY MEANS
SAMENESS, AND EQUITY IMPLIES
FAIRNESS. IN THE CASE OF
EQUALITY A SOMEONE WITH A
LOWER STATUS RECEIVES THE SAME
THING WITH A HIGHER STATUS;
WHILE IN THE CASE OF EQUITY
SOMEONE WITH A LOWER STATUS
SHOULD RECEIVE MORE THAN THAT
OF SOMEONE WITH A HIGHER
STATUS. FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
According to sociologists Kingsley
Davis and Wilbert Moore (1945), when
people are motivated, they tend to
study and work harder to fit the wellsought positions in society
The rewards are congruent to the level
of position. STRATIFICATION Social
Inequality IT IS THE EFFECT OF LIMITING
OR IMPAIRING A GROUP OR AN
INDIVIDUAL'S SOCIAL STATUS,
CLASS AND PRIVILEGES. SOCIAL
INEQUALITY 1. Access to capital However, loss of access to social
capital and symbolic capital can also
trigger social inequality. (Bourdieu,
1986) SOCIAL
INEQUALITY 2. Gender Inequality According to the 2015 Human
Development Report of UNDP, females
are still discriminated in health,
education, political representation,
labor market and more. SOCIAL
INEQUALITY 3. Global Inequality People around the globe experiences
inequality in terms of wealth. SOCIAL 4. Inequality to cultural
minorities Inequality manifested in cultural
minorities such as ethnic groups,
sexual minorities, persons with
disabilities, and religious minorities. INEQUALITY Inequality to cultural minorities SOCIAL
INEQUALITY RACIAL AND ETHNIC
INEQUALITY It is the consequence of hierarchical
social distinctions between racial and
ethnic categories.
It is based on characteristics such as
skin color and other physical
characteristics. Inequality to cultural minorities SOCIAL
INEQUALITY RACIAL AND ETHNIC
INEQUALITY
Minorities in the Social Structure DOMINANT MEMBERS - set the
standards and establish values
and norms in the society.
MINORITIES - barred from some
degree of power, prestige, or
wealth. Inequality to cultural minorities SOCIAL
INEQUALITY RACIAL AND ETHNIC
INEQUALITY
Discrimination and Prejudice DISCRIMINATION- being
deprived of equal treatment and
being kept in the lower status.
PREJUDICE- "prejudgment" ; the
negative attitude toward the
members of a particular group. Inequality to cultural minorities SOCIAL
INEQUALITY RACIAL AND ETHNIC
INEQUALITY STEREOTYPING- the propensity to picture all members of a particular
category as having the same qualities.
ETHNOCENTRISM - belief that the other groups or societies are inferior
to our own.
SCAPEGOATING - a situation when people encounter problems that
they do not know how to solve.
RACISM - belief that one's own race is superior and has the right to
control or direct others. Inequality to cultural minorities SOCIAL
INEQUALITY How People Become Minorities MIGRATION - when people move from one society to another, they are
called minorities in the new society.
COLONIALISM - when people from another country decides to settle in
a new land and take control of the society.
ANNEXATION - when a country is joined to another nation. Inequality to cultural minorities SOCIAL
INEQUALITY How Minorities are Treated EXTERMINATION
EXPULSION
SEGREGATION
CULTURAL PLURALISM
ASSIMILATION
AMALGAMATION Disability A CONDITION EITHER
CAUSED BY GENETICS
OR DISEASE, ACCIDENT,
TRAUMA, WHICH MAY
HAMPER A PERSON'S
MENTAL, SENSORY, OR
MOBILITY FUNCTIONS. Conditions causing disability are classified by
the medical community as:
a. inherited
b. congenital
c. embryonic or fatal development irregularities
d. acquired
e. of unknown origin Ways of Categorizing
Disability
1. PHYSICAL DISABLITY (limits physical functions)
2. SENSORY DISABILITY (impairment of one of the senses)
a. Vision Impairment
b. Hearing Impairment
3. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (ranges from mental retardation to cognitive deficits)
4. MENTAL HEALTH AND EMOTIONAL DISABILITY (mental disorder or mental illness)
5. DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY (results in problems with growth and development)
6. NON-VISIBLE DISABILITY (chronic disorders) DISABILITY LAWS REPUBLIC ACT 10627
REPUBLIC ANTI-BULLYING ACT
"Bullying shall refer to any
severe or repeated use of
one or more students of a
written, verbal, or
electronic expressions..." ACT 10524 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
EMPLOYMENT DISABILITY LAWS REPUBLIC ACT REPUBLIC ACT 10336 10070 ACCESSIBLE POLLING
PLACES EXCLUSIVELY
FOR PERSONS WITH
DISABILITIES IMPLEMENTATION OF
PROGRAMS AND
SERVICES FOR PERSONS
WITH DISABILITIES IN
EVERY PROVINCE, CITY,
AND MUNICIPALITY DISABILITY LAWS REPUBLIC ACT 7277 MAGNA CARTA FOR
PERSONS WITH
DISABILITIES REPUBLIC ACT 9442 Expanded provisions of
RA 7277 DISABILITY LAWS PRESIDENTIAL
PROCLAMATION
NO. 1157 UN INTERNATIONAL DAY
OF PERSONS WITH
DISABILITIES PRESIDENTIAL
PROCLAMATION
NO. 361 NATIONAL DISABILITY
PREVENTION AND
REHABILITATION WEEK DISABILITY LAWS PRESIDENTIAL
PROCLAMATION
NO. 711 NATIONAL AUTISM
CONSCIOUSNESS WEEK PRESIDENTIAL
PROCLAMATION
NO. 1509 NATIONAL COMMISSION
ON DISABILITY AFFAIRS DISABILITY LAWS
DEPED
EXECUTIVE
NO. ORDER 437 COMMUNITY BASED
REHABILITATION FOR
PERSONS WITH
DISABILITIES EXECUTIVE
NO. ORDER 417 ECONOMIC
INDEPENDENCE FOR
PERSONS WITH
DISABILITIES CHILD PROTECTION
POLICY Protection of children in
schools from violence,
exploitation, discrimination,
bullying, neglect, abuse,
cruelty, and other conditions
prejudicial to their
development. Principles of Social
Stratification
In their 1945 paper about social
stratification, Davis and Moore have
enumerated several principles of
stratification PRINCIPLES 1. Certain positions in any society are functionally more important than others
and require special skills for their performance
2. Only a limited number of individuals in any society have the talents which
can be trained into the skills appropriate to these positions
3. the conversation of talents into skills involves a training period that may
cause sacrifice of other important social aspects
4. In order to induce the talented people to undergo training, they must be
shown future positions with an inducement value(i.e., privileged access to
the rewards that society has to offer
5. These rewards are attached to the positions, which may bring a)
sustenance and comfort, b) humor and diversion, and c) self-respect and
ego expansion
6. The differential access to the rewards of the society begets differentiation
in prestige and esteem, which then constitutes social inequality
7. Therefore, social inequality is positively functional and inevitable in any
society. OF
SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Marxist View of
Social
Stratification Karl Marx (1859) studied the
development of societies
from a materialist
perspective. In which he
stated that society's economic
condition determine the kind
of society the member had. MARXIST VIEW OF Karl Marx
(1859) SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION "EVERY SOCIETY HAS A
PARTICULAR INDIVIDUAL OR
GROUP WHO CONTROLS THE
MEANS OF PRODUCTION." MARXIST VIEW OF BOURGEOISIE PROLETARIAT SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION MARXIST VIEW OF CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS
AWARENESS OF ONE'S PLACE IN A SYSTEM OF
SOCIAL CLASSES, ESPECIALLY (IN MARXIST
TERMS) AS IT RELATES TO THE CLASS
STRUGGLE. FALSE CONSCIOUSNESS
WAYS IN WHICH MATERIAL, IDEOLOGICAL, AND
INSTITUTIONAL PROCESSES ARE SAID TO MISLEAD
MEMBERS OF THE PROLETARIAT AND
OTHER CLASS ACTORS WITHIN CAPITALIST SOCIETIES,
CONCEALING THE EXPLOITATION
INTRINSIC TO THE SOCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN CLASSES. SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION Historical
Materialism
MATERIALISM -THE
ECONOMIC FACTORS
ARE THE BASES OF
REALITY WHICH ARE
ALSO CONSIDERED AS
THE SUBSTRUCTURE OF
SOCIETY. SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT Marx and Friedrich Engels (1932) "EACH STAGE OF
SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT
HAVE ITS OWN SEEDS OF
REVOLUTION OR
DESTRUCTION THAT
SERVE AS THE REASONS
FOR THE BIRTH OF A NEW
SYSTEM." SOCIAL Stages of Social
Development DEVELOPMENT PRIMITIVE COMMUNAL
SLAVE SOCIETY
FEUDAL SOCIETY
CAPITALIST SOCIETY
SOCIALISM
COMMUNISM Primitive Communal
- This stage is composed of early tribal
societies before the establishment of
civilizations.
- All members of the tribal groups have
to engage in food gathering to survive.
. Slave Society - Slaves have no rights and were
owned by another person
- The slave masters were the ones who
owned and appropriated the surplus. Feudal Society - A mode of production that reflected
land ownership, feudal society existed
at the end of medieval Europe and
before the rise of early capitalism. Capitalist Society
- The most important characteristic of capitalist society is
accumulation of capital through exploitation of workers
- This type of society results to constant exploitation and alienation of the
proletariat and give rise to class struggle or social revolution.
- The relations of production is highly productive due to advanced
technology and division of labor. Capitalist Society Proletarian Revolution The forces of production, on the other
hand, still revolve on private ownership. Socialism
- It is also called as pre-mature communism.
The production is done to produce for the usevalue system, contrasting the primary goal of
capitalism which is to accumulate profit.
- The production is under the control of the state
as the central planning agency.
- The relations of production is highly productive
due to advanced technology and division of labor. Socialism The way to compensate the people in a socialist
system is based on true meritocracy. Communism
There will be no exploitation of workers and
unequal distribution of income among members
of society. The advanced technology will play as an
instrument for growth and productivity.
All members of society will benefit from all these
economic outputs because of equal sharing. Communism There is no need for private allocation of
resources because all the resources are
owned and controlled by the public. Weberian View of
Stratification
Every person uses
his/her motivation to
work on a specific
social desirable. WEBERIAN VIEW OF
STRATIFICATION Max Weber (1964) has given three
social desirables that primarily keep
people going. WEALTH POWER PRESTIGE the fortune and the need to be in comes along with possessions a person control. respect from the other has. members of the
society. Analytical
Components of
Social Stratification STATUS
REFERS TO THE GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO
HAVE THE SAME LIFESTYLE AND PRESIGE
REGARDLESS OF SOCIAL CLASS. CLASS
A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE
SIMILAR LEVELS OF WEALTH AND
INCOME POWER
CAN BE ACQUIRED THROUGH ELECTION
TO POLITICAL POSITIONS. is the movement of individuals, Social Mobility families, households, or other
categories of people within or
between social strata in a society. GOOGLE The change of social class position
through either moving from one
position to another or moving to
another social class BOOK The ability to move from one
class to another. SOCIAL MOBILITY has two systems
OPEN (CLASS) SYSTEM
- ALLOWS - CAN A PERSON'S MOVE HIS/HER THROUGH SKILLS, FREER MOBILITY CLASSES ABILITIES, BECAUSE OF ACHIEVEMENTS CLOSE (CASTE) SYSTEM
-HAS
THE LITTLE SOCIAL OR NO POSSIBILITY MOBILITY OF MOVING UP Types of Social Mobility
1. HORIZONTAL SOCIAL MOBILITY
2. VERTICAL SOCIAL MOBILITY YTILIBOM LAICOS FO SEPYT HORIZONTAL SOCIAL
MOBILITY THE CHANGE PERSON TO POSITION
SAME OF A ANOTHER
OF THE RANK -Said to be common than vertical. YTILIBOM LAICOS FO SEPYT VERTICAL SOCIAL
MOBILITY
HAPPENS
PERSON
ONE WHEN MOVES SOCIAL TO A Vertical Social Mobility may occur
Upward or Downward, and
can be further analyzed in relation to time. FROM CLASS ANOTHER Two types of Vertical Social Mobility:
1. Intergenerational Mobility
2. Intragenerational Mobility TWO TYPES OF VERTICAL
SOCIAL MOBILITY Intergenerational
The movement of social
position that started with
the parents and was felt
by even the children Intragenerational
The movement in the
social position that
happens within a person's
adult life Factors that may hinder
Social Mobility
1. Educational Attainment
2. Childhood Poverty associated with
Psychological and Behavioral development
3. The family and all the financial, social, and
cultural aspects that are formed within it
4. attitude, aspirations, and expectations
5. economic barriers ...
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