8/15/20201NUTRITION AND CANCER:BEFORE, DURING AND AFTERAndrew D. Nish MDNUTRITION AND CANCER: BEFORE,DURING AND AFTERA simple question:IS __________ A PREVENTABLE DISEASE?Basic Concepts of Cancer•_______ of cancers result directly from inheriting genesassociated with cancer•The majority of cancers involve alterations or _______accumulated over time to the ____________ within cells•The causes of damage are both ___________ (internal) and___________________ (environmental)•____________________________________________AREIMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THEDEVELOPMENT OF CANCER•The hallmark of cancer is ___________________and/or celldeath123
8/15/20202Basic Concepts of __________Basic ___________of CancerConcepts of Cell Function and Obesity•The normal functioning of all biological processes dependson the _____________________________and _________.•________________– appropriate provision of food andnutrients from the level of the whole organism to thecellular and intracellular level- is needed for normalstructure, function.•When a person is not suitably nourished, either through________________________, this impacts the tissue______________________, compromising both structureand function.•Overall ____________ can indirectly influence cell growthby way of changes ingeneral_______________________________________________________________456
8/15/20203Concepts of Cell Function and Obesity•The prevalence of ________ has doubled globally overthe past 30 years. Today 65% of the population lives incountries where obesity _____ far more ______ thanunderweight (WHO fact sheet 311. Obesity and Overweight;2011)•The prevalence of _____ _______ in the US 2011-2012–_____ and _____ ___ (JAMA.2014;311(8) 806-814)•CDC estimates that 75 million Americanshave_________ ________ – this is truly astounding!!!Concepts of ____ ________ and ObesityConcepts of Cell Function and Obesity•So what?•Why are we talking about metabolic syndrome? Ithought we are supposed to be talking about cancer•Well, _________ ________ _________ ______ ____through _________ ____________ that promote_______ ___________ (increased risk in 75 millionpeople)•The ______________ _________ associated withobesity and metabolic syndrome is one mechanism thatpromotes cancer789
8/15/20204Energy Excess and Cancer•When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, theresulting state of ________ ______ can trigger responses inmany cell types – ____________ cells, hepatocytes,myocytes, adipocytes and ___________.•Nutrient excess can lead to the production of _________________ __________ (molecules generated during fuelproduction by the mitochondria)•Excessive production of these molecules creates“__________ ________” which can damage cellularstructures and trigger an inflammatory responseEnergy Excess and Cancer•Nutrient excess can also ______ functioning of the___________ _________ giving rise to __________________ which can itself induce inflammation•A third response to nutrient excess is the _____________of ____ _____ _____ acyl coenzyme A molecules (drivenmainly by fructose) further increasing inflammationEnergy Excess and Cancer•Inflammation can limit further exposure to nutrients __ ____________ ______ __ _______.•The _______ __ _______ or IGF-1 to cell surface receptors activatesthe PL3K/Akt pathway leading to downstream activation of themTOR complex, a central _________ of ____ ___ ___andmitogenesis.•Data strongly suggests that ___________________________maybe one obesity-related factor enhancing cancer growth andmetastases•In women with ________ ________ a ______________________has been noted in those with ______ circulating levels of________.
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