INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE- KHIE-AN OCAMPO.docx -...

OCAMPO, KHIE-AN F. 10-19-2020
DR. JOSEPHINE UY
QUESTIONS ON INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
1. Discuss the pathophysiology of ICP.
2. Discuss possible causes of ICP
3. What are the possible complications of ICP?
4. How is ICP monitored? 5. How can ICP be prevented?
6. Describe the medical and nursing management strategies that will be used for this patient.

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 HYPEROSMOLAR THERAPY - Mannitol is the most commonly used hyperosmolar agent for the treatment of
intracranial hypertension. More recently, hypertonic saline also has been used in this circumstance. A few
studies have compared the relative effectiveness of these two hyperosmotic agents, but more work is needed.
 HEAVY SEDATION AND PARALYSIS - A commonly used regimen is morphine and lorazepam for
analgesia/sedation and cisatracurium or vecuronium as a muscle relaxant, with the dose titrated by twitch
response to stimulation.
 HYPERVENTILATION - Hyperventilation decreases PaCO
2
, which can induce constriction of cerebral arteries by
alkalinizing the CSF. The resulting reduction in cerebral blood volume decreases ICP. Hyperventilation has
limited use in the management of intracranial hypertension, however, because this effect on ICP is time