Cognitive Psychology PROBLEM SOLVING Should I consider moving?

Problem Solving Asystematicapproachtodefiningthe problem and creating a vast number of possiblesolutionswithoutjudgingthese solutions. ProblemsolvingisaCognitiveProcess directed at achieving a goal where no solution is obvious to the problem solver.

WHAT IS A PROBLEM? Occurs when there is an obstacle between a present state and a goal Classified in terms of: Degree of definition Adversary Knowledge required Time scale

What is a problem? Two types of problems: Well-defined Ill-defined

The Gestalt Approach: For Gestalt Psychologists problem solving was about: How the problem is represented in the mind How solving a problem involves reorganization or restructuring

The Gestalt Approach Representing a problem in the mind varies Success at solving a problem is dependent on this representation

The Gestalt Approach: Representation The Circle Problem

The Gestalt Approach: Representation Restructuring: the process of changing the problem’s representation

The Gestalt approach: Restructuring and Insight Insight: the sudden realization of a problem’s solution  Instant problem solving Kohler observed insight in apes Metcalfe and Wiebe: insight and non-insight problems

Insight can be seen in the brain before your are conscious of it. Brain imagery and EEG studies suggest that when an insight strikes (the “Aha” experience), it activates the right temporal cortex (Jung-Beeman and others, 2004). The time between not knowing the solution and responding is about 0.3 seconds

The Gestalt Approach: Restructuring and Insight Non-Insight problems: Algebra problems Gradual problem solving Warmth median rating increased steadily

The Gestalt Approach: Restructuring and Insight Caption: Results of Metcalfe and Wiebe’s (1987) experiment showing how participants judged how close they were to solving insight problems and algebra problems for the minute just before solving the problems.

The Gestalt Approach: Barriers to insight Set: A tendency to persist with one approach to a problem 

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