HP_C4PPT_The Tissue Level of Organization (1) (1) (2) (2)(1).pptx

COLLEGE PHYSICS
Chapter # Chapter Title
PowerPoint Image Slideshow
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 4
THE TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION

Micrograph of Cervical Tissue
This figure is a view of the regular architecture of normal tissue contrasted with the
irregular arrangement of cancerous cells
Tissue – group of cells working together to perform a particular function
FIGURE 4.1 (CREDIT: “HAYMANJ”/WIKIMEDIA COMMONS)

Four Types of Tissue
•
Epithelial
•
Connective
•
Muscle
•
Nervous
FIGURE 4.2 CLOCKWISE FROM NERVOUS TISSUE, LM × 872, LM × 282, LM × 460, LM × 800.
(MICROGRAPHS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL © 2012)

EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Function
•
Protects surface of the body
•
Lines hollow organs
•
Manufactures and secretes substances (endocrine and exocrine
glands)
Structure
•
Cells closely connected with EM between
•
Extracellular matrix (EM) – material synthesized and secreted by
cells; composition varies depending on tissue
•
Basement membrane (basal lamina) – acellular layer of EM that
lies beneath an epithelium, holding epithelial cells to underlying
cell layer

Cells of Epithelial Tissue
•
Simple epithelial tissue -
single layer of cells
•
Stratified epithelial tissue -
several layers of cells.

Simple, squamous epithelium – easy exchange
•
Alveolar sacs of lungs
• Lining of blood vessels
•
Endothelium – simple squamous epithelium that lines blood
vessels where exchange between blood and tissues occurs

Epithelia Tissue Specialized for Transport
•
Simple columnar epithelium
•
Lumen of GI tract
•
Simple cuboidal epithelium
•
Line pancreatic ducts
•
Line kidney nephrons
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium - Pancreatic Ducts from

Columnar Epithelial Cells with Goblet Cells
•
Lining of the small intestine, columnar epithelium cells
are interspersed with goblet cells
•
The arrows in this micrograph point to the mucous-
secreting goblet cells.
FIGURE 4.7 LM × 1600. (MICROGRAPH PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL © 2012)

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
•
Cilia in respiratory tract move foreign particles up and out –
mucociliatory escalator
Bronchus –
Dusti Sloan

Stratified Epithelial Tissue – protective due to many layers
•
Surface of body and inside openings of body cavities
•
Stratified squamous epithelium found in mouth linings, pharynx, esophagus, urethra, opening of ears,
anus, and vagina
•
Skin – stratified squamous keratinized – protective epithelia, keratin makes cells water resistant
Esophagus –
Dusti Sloan

Transitional epithelium
• Found in the bladder
Bladder. Dusti
Sloan. 400X

Summary of Epithelial
Tissue Cells