Oxidative carbonylation of toluene to p-toluic acid 1-Introduction: Carbonylation which are accompanied by oxidation reactions are frequently called ‘oxidative carbonylation’, reactions of this type are usually carried out in the presence of a catalyst and an oxidant. The oxidation of a substrate by any Pd2+ species in principle is a stoichiometric reaction, consuming first of all molar amount the Pd2+ present, thus forming equivalent quantities of Pd0, if catalytic oxidative carbonylations are required with respect to the palladium compound, appropriate conditions for the reoxidation of Pd0have to be found. This may be achieved by the presence of suitable co-catalysts, for example of certain transition metal salts, which are capable of changing their oxidation state. 2-Used compounds and the catalysis system p-Toluic acid(4-methylbenzoic acid) is a substitutedbenzoic acidwith the formula CH3C6H4CO2H. It is a white solid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble inacetone.
