Lec_18_FA20-2.pdf - Nervous Tissue Part 01 • The material...

MCB 244: Human Anatomy and Physiology I
© University of Illinois Board of Trustees
Nervous Tissue
Part 01
• The material contained in these slides corresponds to your assigned readings found in
Chapter 12 of our text.
MCB 244: Human Anatomy and Physiology I
© University of Illinois Board of Trustees

MCB 244: Human Anatomy and Physiology I
© University of Illinois Board of Trustees
Objectives
• Examine the structural and functional organization of the nervous system.
• Examine the structural components seen in a typical neuron.
• Characterize the various types and functions of glial cells.
• Examine the cellular properties responsible for the resting membrane
potential in neurons; specifically the roles active and passive transport
processes play.
• Examine the roles of sodium, potassium and other factors in the
generation and maintenance of the RMP.
• Examine the sequence of events leading up to the generation and
propagation of the action potential.

MCB 244: Human Anatomy and Physiology I
© University of Illinois Board of Trustees
Neurons
• Neurons are the key to the functioning of the nervous system.
• They serve as the basic “functional units” of the nervous system
Ramon Santiago y Cajal
Camillo Golgi
Nobel Prize in Physiology
and Medicine
1906

MCB 244: Human Anatomy and Physiology I
© University of Illinois Board of Trustees
Organization of the Nervous System
Two ways the nervous
system is organized.
1. Structural
2. Functional

MCB 244: Human Anatomy and Physiology I
© University of Illinois Board of Trustees
Organization of the Nervous System
Two ways the nervous
system is organized.
1. Structural
• CNS = brain and
spinal cord
• PNS = regions
outside of brain and
spinal cord

MCB 244: Human Anatomy and Physiology I
© University of Illinois Board of Trustees
Organization of the Nervous System
Two ways the nervous
system is organized.
1. Structural
2. Functional
A. Afferent (sensory) division
• Receives sensory (‘afferent’)
information (INPUT) from
receptors and transmits it to CNS
• Somatic sensory system stimuli
we consciously perceive (e.g.
tactile receptors in skin)
• Visceral sensory system stimuli
we typically do not perceive (e.g
heart, kidneys)
Somatic
sensory

MCB 244: Human Anatomy and Physiology I
© University of Illinois Board of Trustees
Organization of the Nervous System
Two ways the nervous
system is organized.
1. Structural
2. Functional
Somatic
sensory
• Efferent ( Motor) nervous system
• Initiates motor OUTPUT and transmits it
from CNS to effectors/effector organs
• Somatic motor system sends
voluntary signals to skeletal muscles
• Autonomic motor system
(visceral motor) sends
involuntary commands to heart,
smooth muscle, and glands
– Has sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions

MCB 244: Human Anatomy and Physiology I
© University of Illinois Board of Trustees
Organization of the Nervous System
Two ways the nervous
system is organized.