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Signal Processing
and
Linear Systems
B. P. Lathi
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Berkeley Cambridge Press
Carmichael, California

SIGNAL PROCESSING AND LINEAR SYSTEMS
Copyright @1998 by Berkeley-Cambridge Press.
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this
book may be used or reproduced in any form or by any means without written
permission, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and
reviews. For information address:
Berkeley-Cambridge Press
P.O. Box 947, Carmichael, CA. 95609-0947
10 9 8
7 6 5 4 3
2
Library of congress cataloging
in
pUblication data
Lathi, B. P. (Bhagawandas Pannalal)
Signal Processing and Linear Systems
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Signal processing--Mathematics. 2. System analysis
3. Linear time-invariant systems. 4. Digital filters (Mathematics)
I. Title.
TK5102.9.L38 1998
ISBN 0-941413-35-7
621.382'2-dc21
Cover and graphic design by Jeff Clinton.
Printed in the United States of America
iv
98-10609
CIP
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Preface
This book presents a comprehensive treatment of signals and linear systems
suitable for juniors and seniors in electrical engineering. The book contains most of
the material from my earlier popular book Linear
Systems and Signals
(1992) with
added chapters on analog and digital filters and digital signal processing. There
are also additional applications to communications and controls. The sequence of
topics in this book is somewhat different from the earlier book. Here, the Laplace
transform follows Fourier, whereas in the 1992 book, the sequence was the exact
opposite. Moreover, the continuous-time and the discrete-time are treated sequen-
tially, whereas in the 1992 book, both approaches were interwoven. The book
contains enough material in discrete-time systems so that it can be used not only
for a traditional course in Signals and Systems, but also for an introductory course
in Digital Signal processing.
A perceptive author has said: "The function of a teacher is not so much to
cover the topics of study as to uncover them for the students." The same can be
said of a textbook. This book, as all my previous books, emphasizes the physical
appreciation of concepts rather than mere mathematical manipulation of symbols.
There is a temptation to treat an engineering subject, such as this, as a branch of
applied mathematics. This view ignores the physical meaning behind various results
and derivations, which deprives a student of intuitive understanding of the subject.
I have used mathematics not so much to prove an axiomatic theory as to enhance
the physical and intuitive understanding. Wherever possible, theoretical results
are interpreted heuristicallyt and are supported by carefully chosen examples and
analogies.j:
Notable Features
The notable features of the book include the following:
1. Emphasis on intuitive and heuristic understanding of the concepts and physi-