HYDROTHERMAL VENTS Hydrothermal vents are deep ocean features No photosynthesis For most part- energy “rains” down from above All oxygen carried from surface water thru THC Hydrothermal vents are found in margins of plates Subsidence / spreading zones Magma source comes closer to surface / cold water seeps into cracks in the crust / water is transformed in hydrothermal vents fluid Plume of metal is created through minerals / high temperature / increased pH / hydrosulfide is important Black smokers- metal sulfides exit through the plume (sulfide rich) White smokers- metal sulfide is formed below the crust and precipitate in the vent (silica rich) CHEMOSYNTHESIS Primary production without light No pigment required / bacteria that can oxidize to H2S (hydrogen Sulfide) / energy is released to make organic matter with CO2 Can occur in other sulfide rich locations (mudslides) not just in deep ocean SYMBIOSES Species are interdependent on each other Live in close proximity
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