Titration Lab-revised 1 -docx.html - Materials generally...

Materials generally considered to possess acidic and/or basic properties are
widely distributed in nature and range from simple inorganic materials
through organic and biological molecules of great complexity. Since
acid-base equilibrium is a general phenomenon, it is advantageous to use it
as an analytical tool.
The reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization.
The products of an acid-base neutralization reaction are water and an
ionic compound.
The general reaction involved in neutralization titrations can be depicted as follows:
HA + MOH ------> H2O + MA
(acid) (base)
A commonly used method of expressing concentration is molarity (M).
The equation defining molarity is:
Molarity (M) = mol of solute/volume of solution in L
Because titration is a quantitative, volumetric procedure used to determine the
concentration of a solute in a solution, it is possible to determine the concentration
of an acid in a solution of the acid by measuring the volume of base needed to just
consume the acid.
The point at which the hydronium ion from the acid is just completely neutralized is
called the equivalence point of the titration. At the equivalence point, the number of
moles of hydronium ion neutralized and number of moles of hydroxide ion added
are equal.
Indicators, water-soluble dyes that have one color in acidic solutions and another in
basic solutions allow us to know when the equivalence point is reached.