Poli Sci – Lecture #15Symbolic violence: censorship used by conservative thinkers to teach social disciplineSocialism•Like conservatism, based on a social force that is a consequence of liberalism•Around 1840, 1850 constituted working class in Europe•Working class or proliferate will be the social force behind socialism •Industrialization and urbanization are liberal phenomenon’sGenesis of term socialism•Used for the first time in 1834 by French thinker named Pierre Leroux•In 1841, British thinker named Robert Owen will use the termoWrite a book called what is socialism •Term will become extremely popular•Come to designate a set of principles or ideas that oppose the possessive individualism of liberal thoughtoInvented by torontian named C.b. MacPhersonoUsed to designate that for liberalism, what matters most is the individual who owns things•Socialism will refuse the capitalistic idea of humans being egoistical•Will argue that private property is the motor for economic activity•Contrary to conservatives, socialists will not deny liberal principles•Socialist ideology will resemble liberalismoSocialists believe that liberal ideas and principles must be surpassed by pushing them to their extreme limit oSocialists radicalize (get to the root of) liberal ideas•Liberals will say that we are all naturally equal because we have access to reasonoSocialists will agree with this idea, but they will say that if we are all born equal we should also enjoy an equality of outcome oTaking liberal ideas and attacking them, in order to maximize the universal content of liberalism•There are many variations of socialismoMarxism, utopian socialism, social democracy, anarchism oAll o these different variations agree with 7 basic principles1.Socialism shares the optimistic perspective of liberalism•For liberals, nature is generous as if offers all human beings precisely what they need in order to be happy•Socialist argue that nature is essentially positive, it is an order made up of laws, and that there laws must be respected•Humans must therefore obey the laws of nature•
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