Cell and Molecular Biology Exam 1
20:36
Introduction
Cell biology is
reductionist
.
Cell Theory
All organisms are composed of one or more cell
The cell is the structural unit of life
Cells arise from pre-existing cells by division
BASIC PROPERTIES OF CELLS
Life
- the most basic property
Can grow in culture for long expended periods of time.
Complexity
Cellular processes are highly regulated
Cells from different species share similar:
Structure
Composition
Metabolic features
Cells Posses a Genetic Program
Genes encode information to build the organism
Genes encode information for cellular reproduction, activity and structure.
Production
Cells can reproduce
Each daughter cell receives an exact copy of genetic instructions
Cells Acquire & Utilize Energy
Photosynthesis
- provides fuel for all living organisms
Animal cells derive energy from products of photosynthesis
Glucose
Cells turn glucose into ATP
Cells Cary out a variety of chemical rxns
Cells engage in mechanical activities
Cells are able to respond to stimuli
CLASSES OF CELLS
Distinguished by size and types of organelles
Prokaryotes
3.7 billion years ago
single cell
relatively simple
Eukaryotes
Have organelles
More complex
Protists, animals, plants
Characteristics Distinguishing Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Genetic Material
Packaging: prokaryotes have a nucleoid and eukaryotes have a membrane-bound
nucleus
Amount: eukaryotes have more than prokaryotes
Form: eukaryotes have many chromosomes made of DNA and proteins, while
prokaryotes have single stranded circular DNA
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles, and cytoskeletal proteins. Both have
ribosomes, but differ in size
Reproduction
Eukaryotes divide by mitosis, prokaryotes divide by fission
Locomotion
Eukaryotes have cytoplasmic movement, cilia and flagella. Prokaryotes have flagella,
but its only made of protein. In eukaryotes, flagella and cilia are made up of cytoskeletal
