paraconsistent

# Obtained by interpreting relations as properties of

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Unformatted text preview: ties of tuples. So, R _ S is the \either-R-or-S " property. Now since R+ and S + are the sets of tuples for which the properties R and S , respectively, are believed to hold, the set of tuples for which the property \either-R-or-S " is believed to hold is clearly R+ S +. Moreover, since R? and S ? are the sets of tuples for which properties R and S , respectively, are believed to not hold, the set of tuples for which the property \either-R-or-S " is believed to not hold is similarly R? \ S ?. 7 In an informal symbolic notation, R+ = ft j R(t)g, and R? = ft j not R(t)g. Now, (R _ S )+ = ft j R(t) or S (t)g, which is R+ S +. Similarly, (R _ S )? = ft j not (R(t) or S (t))g = ft j not R(t) and not S (t)g, which is R? \ S ?. The de nition of complement and of all the other operators on paraconsistent relations de ned later can (and should) be understood in the same way. _ Proposition 3 The operators _ and unary ? on paraconsistent relations are strong generalisations of the usual operators and unary ? on ordinary relations. Proof Let R and S be consistent relations on scheme . Then comps (R _ S ) is the set fQ j R+ S + Q ( ) ? (R? \ S ?)g. This set is the same as the set fr s j R+ r ( ) ? R?; S + s ( ) ? S ?g, which is S ( )(comps (R); comps (S )). Such a _ result for unary ? can also be shown similarly. 2 For sake of completeness, we de ne the following two related set-theoretic operators on paraconsistent relations: De nition 9 Let R and S be paraconsistent relations on scheme . Then, _ (a) the intersection of R and S , denoted R \ S , is a paraconsistent relation on scheme , given by _ (R \ S )+ = R+ \ S +; _ (R \ S )? = R? S ?; _ (b) the di erence of R and S , denoted R ? S , is a paraconsistent relation on scheme , given by _ (R ? S )+ = R+ \ S ?; _ (R ? S )? = R? S +: 2 Again, to obtain an intuitive grasp of such de nitions, let us consider the di erence _ operator. We should interpret R ? S as the \R-but-not-S " property. Now the tuples that _ de nitely have this property are exactly those in R+ \ S ?. Thus, (R ? S )+ = R+ \ S ?. Moreover, the tuples that de nitely do not have this property are the ones in R? S +. _ Hence, (R ? S )? = R? S +. _ In our informal symbolic notation, (R ? S )+ = ft j R(t) and not S (t)g, which is + \ S ?. Similarly, (R ? S )? = ft j not (R(t) and not S (t))g = ft j not R(t) or S (t)g, _ R ? S +. which is R Although we have given independent de nitions of intersection and di erence, these two operators can be derived from the fundamental operators union and complement as intuitively expected. 8 Proposition 4 For any paraconsistent relations R and S on a common scheme, we have __ _ _ R \ S = ?(?R _ ?S ); and _ __ R ? S = ?(?R _ S ): __ _ _ _ _ _ _ Proof (?(?R _ ?S ))+ = (?R _ ?S )? = (?R)? \ (?S )? = R+ \ S + = (R \ S )+. ? = (R \ S )? . The second part of the result can be shown _ (?R _ ?S )) _ _ _ Similarly, (? similarly. 2 Table 1 gives some more algebraic laws involving the set-theoretic opera...
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## This note was uploaded on 09/28/2013 for the course CSC 8710 taught by Professor Staff during the Fall '08 term at Georgia State.

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