Kami Export - D'andre Toledo - Latin American independence DBQ.pdf

Latin
American
Revolutions Mini-Q
Latin
American
Independence:
Why
Did
the
Creoles
Lead
the
Fight?
Overview: Between 1810 and
1826,
revolutions
broke out across Latin
America.
Many
Latin
Ameri-
cans resented
the control
Spain
had
over
its
colonies
in
North and South America.
The
leaders above,
Bolivar
and
Jose
de
San
Martin,
were two
of
the
key
Latin
American
leaders in the struggle for
independence.
from
Spain.
Both
men came
from
a class
of people
known
as
Creoles or
Criollos.
Like
1110St
leaders
in
the
fight for
independence,
these
two
Creole
men
were
born
in
the
Americas
but
their
ancestors
were
from Europe.
The
question
you
will
answer
in this
Mini-Q
is
Latin
American
Indepen-
dence:
Why
Did
the
Creoles
Lead
the
Fight?
The
Documents:
Document
A:
Complex
National
Identity
Document
B:
Rivalry
Between
Creoles
and
Peninsulares
L)oeuinent
C: Spanish
Economic
Policies
Document
D:
Economic
Troubles
in
Mexico
Document
E:
Popular Revolution
in
Mexico
Document
F:
Creoles
React
to
Social
Tensions
A
Mini
Document Based
Question
(Mini-Q)
2012 Tho
cea
Project
This
page
may
be
reproduced
for
classroom
use
149

Latin
American
Revolutions Mini-Q
Hook
Exercise:
Ranking
Social
Groups
Directions:
By
the
late
18th century,
a
rigid
social hierarchy existed
in
colonial Latin
America. Certain
groups
had mole power and
privilege than
others,
and
there
was
little
room
for social
advancement.
Below
are descriptions
of
the
main
social classes that
made
up
colonial
Spanish America.
With
a
partner,
read through
the descriptions
and
then
fill
in the circle
diagram and
social
pyramid
below.
e
Mestizos
were
people of
mixed
Spanish and
Indian heritage
who
in
1800
made
up
about
7%
of
the
total
population.
Most
mestizos
were
small
farmers,
shopkeepers,
artisans,
and
overseers
in
mines
and on
haciendas
(ranches
and
plantations).
o
Peninsulares
were
people born
in
Spain
who
migrated
to
the colonies. Peninsulares
made
up
less
than
1%
of
the colonial population.
Some
peninsularcs
were
very
wealthy, but not
all.
Peninsularcs
worked
in
high-ranking jobs
in
the
government,
military
and
church.
o
Indian peoples
made
up
well over
50%
of
the
population of
colonial Latin
Amcrica. These were
the
people
who
lived
in
Latin
America
before
the
arrival
of
the Spanish.
By
law,
Native
villages
were
forced
to
provide
labor
in
Spanish mines and
farms.
•
Slaves
were
of African
descent,
and
many
were
born
in
Africa.
Slaves
were
about
11%
of
the
popu-
lation.
Under
colonial law, slaves
were
considered property
and
could
be bought and
sold.
o
Mulattos
and
Free Blacks: Mulattos
were
people
of mixed
African
and
Spanish blood.
More
so
than
in
North America,
blacks
in
Spanish
America were
able to
buy
their
freedom. Together,
free
blacks
and
mulattos
made
up
about
8%
of
the population.
o
Creoles
werc
people of pure Spanish blood
who
were
born
in
America. Their
ancestry
went back
to
the
original
conquistadores
--
something
they
were
very
proud
of.