RATIONAL, NATURAL AND OPEN SYSTEMS OF ORGANIZATION2Introduction Organizations play a great role in modern society and exist in every aspect of our social life. An organization can be defined using different perspectives based on the different aspects of organizations. The definitions include; a rational, natural and open system perspectives. The main focus is to compare and contrast the rational, natural, and open systems of organizations by addressing the defining characteristics, the relationship between the three perspectives, the theoretical viewpoints and personal perspectives. Defining characteristicsAccording to the rational perspective, the behavior of organizations and their participants is viewed as actions performed by purposeful and coordinated agents. Rational system theorist stress goal specificity and formalization because each of these elements make an important contribution to the rationality of an organizational action. Rational systems theorist assume the existence of and presume the importance of a formalized structure, but just a few make explicit the contributions that formalization makes to rationality of behavior in organizations (Scott & Davis, 2015). Based on a study by Őnday (2018), Rational systems models focus on formal structure as a tool for the efficient achievement of specific organizational goals. Specific goals aim participants with unambiguous criteria for selecting among alternatives. A highly formalized structure provide participants with explicit rules and roles relations that manage their interactional behavior (Őnday, 2018).While rational systems perspective deals with goal specification and structure formalization, natural perspective places more emphasis on goal complexity and informal structure. Natural system models presume the existence of certain operative goals that must be met for the system wants to survive. Natural system theorists accept that goals can be pluralistic,
