Discussion: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems2Organizations can be classified into three distinct categories: (a) rational system, (b)natural system, and (c) open system. In the 1930s Chester I. Bernard served as president of NewJersey Bell Telephone Company. Barnard was a key figure in generating “the new science oforganization” and wrote “The Functions of the Executive” in 1938(Scott & Davis, 2015, p. 4).The book essentially became the basis for determining/outlining organizations. Barnard defined aformal organization as “that kind of cooperation among men that is conscious, deliberate, andpurposeful” (Scott & Davis, 2015,p. 4).A rational organizational system consists of two keycomponents (a) goal specificity and (b) formalization. “Rational systems models focus on formalstructure as an acute tool for the efficient achievement of specific organizational goals”(Őnday,2018).Specifically, goal specificity is defined as goals that are very precise and specific to theorganization, whereas, formalization is defined as creating a ridged structured segments to definethe organization(Scott & Davis, 2015). The rational perspective is a closed system (Kandhro,2015).Edwards (2017) would suggest that the rational approach would be ideal for the mostobjective answers when seeking understanding. This would prove paramount to a startuporganization, in learning its identity, it would in essence be a road map for how the organizationbecame its future self (I.e., Ford, Facebook & Apple).Moreover, the natural organizational
