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11/1/12 Matching Key People
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Match each of the following persons with the statement or theory that most closely reflects his or her perspective and/or
contributions to the field of developmental psychology.::Mark Johnson
A) Schools spend too much time getting students to give a single correct answer in an imitative way, rather than
encouraging them to think critically.
B) There are eight types of intelligence, or "frames of mind."
C) Described three cognitive processes involved in being able to read a printed word: 1) Being aware of sound units in
words, 2) decoding words, 3) accessing word meaning
D) People who excel at one type of intellectual task are likely to excel at others.
E) Developed the first test to determine which children would do well in school. Also developed the concept of mental
age (MA).
F) Inclusion too often has meant making accommodations in the regular classroom that do not always benefit children
with disabilities
G) Most high-IQ children in this researcher's study were socially well-adjusted and went on to become successful
professionals.
H) Gifted children are precocious, march to their own drummer, and have a passion to master. Too often, children who
are gifted are socially isolated and underchallenged in the classroom.
I) Mindfulness is an important aspect of thinking critically.
J) Distinguished between divergent thinking and convergent thinking
K) Created the major alternative to the Stanford-Binet intelligence test. Provides not only an overall IQ score but also
yields several composite indexes that allow determination of strong or weak areas.
L) Studied the worldwide increase in intelligence test scores.
M) With colleagues, conducted the Abecedarian Intervention program at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
which demonstrated that environment makes a difference in intellectual abilities of a child
N) Developed the triarchic theory of intelligence
O) Developed a "fuzzy trace theory," which says that memory is best understood by considering two types of
representations—verbatim memory trace and gist.
P) The prefrontal cortex coordinates the best neural connections for solving a problem at hand.
Q) Autism reflects an extreme male brain, especially indicative of males' less effective ability to show empathy and
read facial expressions and gestures than girls.
R) Children can reason logically as long as reasoning can be applied to specific or concrete examples.