3 BIO 210 The Cellular Level of Organization.pptx - BIOLOGY...

BIOLOGY 210
CHAPTER 3: THE CELLULAR LEVEL OF
ORGANIZATION: ANATOMY OF THE
CELL

LEARNING OUTCOMES - 1
33. What are the main biomolecules that make up the plasma
membrane?
34. Describe the structure of the plasma membrane and list
two important functions.
35. List AND describe the function of all the cell organelles in
the Chapter 3 PowerPoint. Underline the key characteristics
for each.
36. Define passive transport.
37. List AND explain all of the types of passive transport.
38. Define active transport.
39. List AND explain all of the types of active transport.
40. Discuss mitosis. Include information on which cells in the
body undergo it and what the results are.

LEARNING OUTCOMES - 2
41. Discuss meiosis. Include information on which cells in the
body undergo it and what the results are.
42. What differences do you notice between mitosis and
meiosis?
43. Explain the cell life cycle.
44. What stages are involved with interphase?
45. Detail the events that occur during each of those stages in
interphase.
46. How much of the cell life cycle is spent in mitosis?
47. Write out the Central Dogma of Biology.
48. Which cellular processes does the Central Dogma
describe?

LEARNING OUTCOMES - 3
49. Using the below DNA sequence, write out its
complementary DNA sequence.
AGCTGCCGTGAAAATGCGCTT
50. Use the same DNA sequence below and write the
sequence for its messenger RNA.
AGCTGCCGTGAAAATGCGCTT

FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF CELLS
-
Cells are the smallest
functional unit in the body
-
Cell sizes and shapes vary,
but these structures
complement the specific
function of each cell type
-
They are microscopic,
ranging from 7.5-300um

VARIOUS CELL SHAPES

Section 3.1
The Cell Membrane

CELL MEMBRANES
- Two basic types
•
Plasma membrane: an
outer membrane that
forms a barrier between
inside and outside of the
cell
•
Organelle membranes
surround some of the
organelles within the
cytoplasm

MEMBRANE STRUCTURE – 1
- The Fluid Mosaic
Model
•
Mosaic means
made of many
different parts
•
Fluid: the
phospholipids and
other components
are not static – they
flow

MEMBRANE STRUCTURE – 2
-
Two layers of
phospholipids (called a
bilayer) form because
hydrophilic heads and
hydrophobic tails.
-
The tails face each other,
creating a region in the
middle of the membrane
that is inhospitable to
water
-
Cholesterol is present: it
gives the fluid membrane
stability
-
Proteins are present and
have various functions

Transport Proteins:
controlled transport
of water-soluble
molecules and other
molecules that can
not pass through
Plasma Membrane.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE – 3
PROTEINS

MEMBRANE STRUCTURE – 4
PROTEINS CONTINUED
-
Recall from Chapter 2
that there are
carbohydrates, lipids and
proteins. At times these
will combine together to
form molecules like:
•
Glycoproteins
•
Lipoproteins
•
Glycolipids
•
Proteoglycans
- Marker glycoproteins act as
markers for recognition of cells or
organelles. They contribute to:
•
Immune response
•
Blood Types
•
Organ transplant acceptance
or rejection
•
Cell signaling

MEMBRANE STRUCTURE – 5
PROTEINS CONTINUED
Receptor proteins:
the binding of a
specific molecule to