BIOCHEMISTRY LAB EXAM REVIEWLAB 1: ENZYMATIC CHARACTERIZATION OF HEART TRANSAMINASES BACKGROUND -Transaminases catalyze the transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a keto acid. -The reaction occurs without yielding free NH3; the amino group is retained through the transfer to the vitamin B6 derivative pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), a prosthetic group present within the transaminase. -The reaction involves the formation of a Schiff base intermediate between the aminoacid and the PLP (Garrett, R.H. and Grisham, C.M., 2004). -Glutamate-Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT) and Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) are responsible for the transfer of an amino group from glutamate to oxaloacetate and pyruvate respectively. -The transamination reaction is reversible (ΔGo 0) and can be initiated from either ≈direction by supplying the appropriate substrates. -The equilibrium constant of this reversible reaction can be determined by measuring the concentration of each component at equilibrium. -Transaminases play an important role in amino acid metabolism: 1)deamination: most amino acids transfer their amino group to -ketoglutarate to αform glutamate. 2)The glutamate is converted by the action of GOT into aspartate, a precursor of the urea cycle. 3) The second amino group in the urea comes from the deamination of glutamate through the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction. -urea excretion is the pathway used for elimination of nitrogen by most terrestrial vertebrates. -In the muscle, GPT is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate into alanine which is delivered to the liver where it is used for glucose synthesis. The amino group ofalanine ends up in the urea cycle (Ratner, S. 1977; Voet, D. and Voet, J.G., 2004). -Other transaminases are involved in the transfer of the amino group from glutamate to different keto acid precursors of some amino acids synthesis.