Reconstruction (1865-1877)Civil War BackgroundPivotal event in American historyThe fundamental question was whether or not states can leave the unionNothing in the Constitution about itSouth said YES To protect slaveryNorth said NO Initially fought the war to keep the union then it turned into ending slaveryThe war was fought mainly in the SouthMostly rural/agriculturalDeath toll=620,000More Americans died in this war than any other wars combinedMore than half of the deaths were from diseasesEveryone thought the war would be quickLasted 4 years“Harvest of Death”Cost of the WarCould have purchased all of the 4 million slaves and bought each of them a houseI. Post Civil War SituationSouthLeft devastated Had to surrenderConfederate government/military collapsed
Basis of the Southern economy was destroyedWas one of the wealthiest economies in the world4 million slaves were freed and worth about 4 billion dollars (about 200,000 billion today)Sent about 80% of military aged men to fight (about 1 million) About 38% died-200,000 overall, about ¼Created their own currency, but after the war it wasn’t worth anythingNorthEstimated 50% of the Northern men served190,000 fought Including escaped slaves360,000 ended up deadNorthern economy boomedUsed government to promote business and foster infrastructureIn charge of the Federal government and expanded itRaised tariff taxesSouth opposed a lot of what the North wanted to doII. Post Civil War IssuesPoliticalHow to get Southern states back into the union?Constitution says nothing about thisHow much power will the former leaders of the South have, if any?Will they be welcomed back politically or no?EconomicalHow will the South recover economically?
What will replace slavery?How will the economy rebuild with “no one” to rebuild it?
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How to control the now freed slaves?
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What are the slaves statuses now?Should they be allowed to vote?Are they citizens?
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III. Presidential ReconstructionA.) Requirements on the South
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Robert E. Lee surrenders in 1865Lincoln was assassinatedNorth becomes more angry John Wilks Booth assassinated himHe was a ConfederateVice President Andrew Johnson became presidentb.) Johnson’s PlanDemocratLincoln was a RepublicanGrew up poorBecame US senator in Tennessee He opposed leaving the union
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