SummaryCulture is the set of knowledge, arts, beliefs, morals, customs, laws, and many othercapabilities and habits gained by humans in a society. The culture has three aspects;universal, general, and particular. Social evolution is the slow advancement from simpleaspects of culture to more complicated aspects. There are three theories of social change:Western theory/social evolution, Ancient Greek theory/social decline, and Spengler &Toynbee’s/cycle theory. Discovery and invention, acculturation, spatial diffusions, ideas andideologies, and collective action are the factors that cause cultural change. Cultural variationsare the differences in the ideas, beliefs and behaviors of humans. Due to these variations,cultural geography exists. Environmental determinism is the illogical and restricted thoughtthat physical environment forms humans. The elements of culture include; values,
