Qualitative charts can be displayed both horizontally and vertically ■ Qualitative charts display categorical data ■ Histograms use bar charts that are separated for discrete data or joined together for continuous data ○ Horizontal Bar Chart – display the bars in a horizontal direction ■ Right click bar chart and Change Chart to horizontal bar chart ■ Customize options to include titles and remove legend ○ Clustered Bar Chart – charts that group several values side by side within the same category in a vertical direction TEAM POINTS SCORED 2009 2010 Green Bay Packers 461 388 Minnesota Vikings 470 281 Chicago Bears 327 334 Detroit Lions 262 362 ■ 1. Insert Data into chart form, like the one shown above ■ Highlight data (teams, years, and scores) ■ Insert and then Chart and then Clustered Column ■ Customize to include vertical, horizontal, and top titles ○ Stacked Bar Chart – a chart that groups several values in a single column within the same category in a vertical direction ■ Compare same team in two years ■ Same instructions as clustered bar chart, but choose diff chart type ○ When to Choose a Clustered OR Stacked? ■ Depends on purpose of chart ■ Clustered = comparing data within categories ■ Stacked = displaying totals in each category ● Pareto Charts ○ Pareto Charts – bar charts that show the frequency of the categories that cause quality control problems ■ Show categories in a decreasing order - Most problematic categories shown first ■ Plot cumulative relative frequency as a line on the chart (ogive) ■ Histograms that show (in decreasing order) the frequency of the

categories that cause problems ○ Example: QVC records customer reasons for product returns REASON FOR RETURN FREQUENCY Product Defective 46 Disappointed with Product 22 Product no longer wanted 14 Late delivery of product 5 Other 3 ○ Calculate Relative / Cumulative Frequencies ○ Constructing your Pareto Chart ■ Highlight A1:A6 ■ CTRL and highlight C1:C6 (relative frequency) ■ CTRL and highlight D1:D6 (cumulative frequency ■ Insert Combo Chart and make sure CUMULATIVE data is the line and RELATIVE data is the bar ■ Make sure max of vertical axis is 1.0 ■ Select major unit of axis to be 0.2 (not 0.1) ■ Select Number > Category > Percentage > change 2 to 0 in the Decimal Places box ■ Add Data Labels ● Pie Charts ○ Pie Charts – an excellent tool for comparing proportions for categorical data; each category occupies a segment of the pie that represents the relative frequency of that category ■ Example: Number of computers shipped in US during 2009 CO MP AN UNIT S SHIP PED HP 4228 Del l 3996 Ac er 2076 Ap ple 1135 To shi ba 1005 Ot her s 2837

○ Constructing a Pie Chart ■ Highlight cells with data (including titles) ■ Insert and Pie Chart and make sure picking 2-D option ■ Make sure percentages (with only one decimal point) are inside the pie pieces (auto-fill in Google Docs) ○ Some notes on pie charts ■ All categories in the data set MUST be included in the pie -