Or pelvic pain in anticipation of during or as a

or pelvic pain in anticipation of, during, or as a result of vaginal penetration; or
tensing and tightening of the pelvic floor muscles during attempted vaginal
penetration. Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder refers to four commonly
comorbid symptom dimensions: difficulty in having intercourse, genito-pelvic
pain, fear of pain or vaginal penetration, and tensing of the pelvic floor
muscles. Marked difficulty in having vaginal intercourse or penetration can vary
from total inability to experience vaginal penetration in any situation to the
ability to easily experience penetration in one situation but not another.
Other Disorders
Lecture Notes
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Peyronie's disease and priapism are two other disorders that are not mentioned
in the DSM-5 because they are based on physical conditions. Peyronie's disease
is the development of calcium deposits and fibrous tissues in the corpora
cavernosa within the penis. This is caused by injury to the penis and is
common in older men and quite painful. Medical treatments can alleviate the
source of discomfort, and sometimes the condition disappears without
treatment. There is also priapism, which are prolonged and painful erections.
They can last from several hours to a few days, and is often caused by
medications including antidepressants, erection medication, and excessive
doses of penile injections to produce erections. This is also associated with
sickle cell disease and leukemia.
Physical Causes of Sexual Function Difficulties and Dissatisfaction
Lecture Notes
As discussed in Chapter 13, there are physical causes that can influence sexual
functioning. These include illnesses or disturbances to our vascular,
neurological, and endocrine systems, certain prescription drugs, pain from
cancer, and chemotherapy and radiation treatment for cancer. For men and
women, chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease are a factor, as
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well as behaviors such as alcoholism, smoking, and drug use. Furthermore,
homeostatic imbalances such as hormone deficiencies, injuries such as spinal
cord injuries, and even neurological disorders can influence sexual functioning.
Psychological Causes of Sexual Function Difficulties and
Dissatisfaction
Lecture Notes
Sexual function difficulties may have their origin in any number of
psychological causes ranging from immediate causes and conflict within self to
a particular sexual relationship. The immediate causes of sexual function
difficulties include fatigue, stress, ineffective sexual behavior, and sexual
anxieties. Physical exhaustion and fatigue from the demands of daily life may
lead to sexual apathy or disinterest. Long-term stress can also contribute to
lowered sex drive and reduced responsiveness. Ignorance, ineffective sexual
communication, and misinformation prevent partners from being effectively
sexual with each other. Ineffective sexual stimulation is especially relevant in