References hammer g g mcphee s 2014 pathophysiology

References

Hammer, G. G., & McPhee, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical
medicine. (7th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Murphy, G., Dawsey, S. M., Engels, E. A., Ricker, W., Parsons, R., Etemadi, A., Lin, S., Abnet,
C. C., & Freedman, N. D. (2015). Cancer risk after pernicious anemia in the US elderly
population. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 13 (13), 2282-2289.
doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2015.05.040
Second Response
Hi Erin,
Your post is interesting. Folate deficiency, vitamin B-12 deficiency, and anemia can have
adverse effects on birth outcomes (Al-Khatib, Obeid, Sibai, Batal, Adra, and Hwalla (2006).
Also, low vitamin B-12 reduces the formation of metabolically active folate. Furthermore, low
folate status co-occurred with low vitamin B-12 status, underlining the importance of providing
adequate vitamin B-12 and folic acid intake through approaches such as mandatory food
fortification. Gupta, Copley, Keeney, and Chin-Yee (2016) emphasized that the approach to
anemia is traditionally based on the Mean Cell Volume (MCV). Based on this approach anemia
is subdivided into microcytic, normocytic and macrocytic causes. This approach may not
accurately discern common causes of anemia in hospitalized patients. Clinicians need to be
aware of the low sensitivity of the MCV as a screen. The sensitivity of MCV for iron-deficiency
anemia (IDA) or vitamin B12 deficiency is improved with indices such as RDW. Huether and
McCance (2017) noted that folate deficiency is rare in North America and should not be
routinely ordered for assessment of nutritional anemia.
References

Al-Khatib, L., Obeid, O., Sibai, A., Batal, M., Adra, N., & Hwalla, N. (2006). Folate deficiency
is associated with nutritional anemia in Lebanese women of childbearing age. Public
Health Nutrition, 9(7), 921-927
Gupta, M., Copley, K., Keeney, M., & Chin-Yee, I. (2016). Does cell size matter? Utilizing mean
cell volume in hospitalized patients as a screen to determine common causes of anemia
including iron deficiency anemia, vitamin b12 and folate deficiency. Blood, 128 (22)
,
2338
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis,
MO: Mosby